Exterior scaffolding Setup instructions

Step-by-Step Setup Instructions

Scaffolding assembly should be conducted by at least two individuals, with one person being experienced in scaffolding setup to oversee the process. These instructions are a general guide based on constructing a scaffolding structure measuring 7 x 5 ft. at a height of one frame.

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Step 1: Ground Preparation

Choose and clear the ground area. Set appropriate sills, ensuring there are no voids beneath them. Gather all necessary equipment close to the working area. Position the adjustable leveling jack plates on the sills, aligning with your scaffold dimensions. At this stage, do not affix the bases to the sills.

Step 2: Adjusting Leveling Jacks

Start adjusting the leveling jack nuts at the highest ground point. Set the nuts between 3 to 6 inches from the top of the sill, depending on the ground's slope. Position the first frame on the base at the highest point, and attach the first cross brace to the frame. Allow the frame to lean slightly forward as you prepare the next frame.

Step 3: Installing the Second Frame

Mount the second frame onto the leveling jack, and secure the first cross brace to it.

Step 4: Level and Plumb the Scaffolding

Install the second cross brace to both frames. Begin leveling and plumbing the scaffolding from the highest point. Where possible, use the leveling jack to lower the highest corner closer to the sill and then align all four corners to this level. Ensure the bottom cross braces of each frame are even to check if the frames are plumb. Install the diagonal brace for stability. Re-check levels and plumb if required. Affix the leveling jack to the sills using nails or screws.

Step 5: Installing the Deck

Place the deck platform, which can be either an all-aluminum platform or a wood deck. For wooden planks, ensure they extend 6-12 inches beyond the support points. Secure the deck to prevent movement.

Step 6: Guardrail Installation

Attach the guardrail posts to the coupling pins at the top of the frames, securing each with a pig tail lock to avoid separation.

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Step 7: Securing Guardrails

Connect the guardrails to the posts on every exposed side of the scaffolding.

Step 8: Toeboard Installation

Install toeboards as needed, ensuring the gap between the platform's top and the toeboard's bottom does not exceed 1/2 inch.

Safety Guidelines

These guidelines are subject to local regulations. In the event of a conflict, local regulations should be followed.

Requirements for access frame scaffolding
• Only qualified workers or those under direct supervision should erect, alter, or dismantle scaffolding. The qualified person must ensure proper construction and correct components usage. All equipment must be inspected for suitability and damage before use.
• The base must be level and strong enough to support the scaffold's load. Sills and base plates are necessary on unstable terrain or where leveling is required. The sill must be rigid and capable of supporting maximum loads without deformation.
• Adjust leveling jacks as per local regulations.
• Frames must be plumb, level, and spaced to support the necessary loads.
• Locking pins and secure components are needed to prevent separation due to wind uplift or leverage action. Secure all joints on rolling or free-standing scaffolds.
• Ensure the scaffold platform height does not exceed three times its smallest base dimension (3:1 ratio). Guy scaffolding exceeding this ratio to a stable structure for stability.
• Guardrails are required for all platforms above 10 ft., with a top rail at 40-44 inches above the work surface. An intermediate rail is needed halfway between the top rail and the toeboard or work surface.
• Install toeboards on platforms where materials could fall off. Toeboards should be at least 4 inches high and may require adjustment or additional barriers if materials exceed this height.

Considerations Before Erecting Scaffolding
• Determine the scaffolding's purpose (light or heavy-duty).
• Plan the scaffold height and decide whether it will be erected in one go or progressively.
• Ensure the ground can support the scaffold's load.
• Identify the need for ties and plan how to secure them.
• Consider whether the scaffold will need covering or weather protection.
• Decide on access and egress methods (e.g., ladders, stairways).
• Plan material loading for multi-level scaffolds and consider consulting an engineer for load calculations.
• Assess ground surface conditions, height restrictions, and hazards for rolling scaffolds.

Equipment Inspection Checklist
• Sills: Check for appropriate size, strength, and ensure they are not damaged.
• Frames: Inspect for cracks or damages, and ensure coupling pins are secured.
• Cross and diagonal braces: Ensure they are straight and free from excessive rust.
• Scaffold planks: Check for damage, warping, or contamination.
• Platform decks: Inspect for cracks, proper locking mechanisms, and no missing bolts.
• Brackets: Ensure attachment hooks are not distorted or damaged.
• Guardrails: Check for straightness and lack of rust.
• Casters: Ensure they are of the same size, rotate properly, and brakes work.
• Leveling jacks: Check for damages and ensure proper functionality.
• Tag and mark any damaged equipment as unfit for use.

Explanation

It is a misconception that a scaffold with a height to base ratio of 3 to 1 is inherently stable. Wind exposure, even without containment, requires more robust measures than this ratio suggests.

While older standards included the 3:1 rule, modern guidelines and engineering practices require scaffolds to be designed for ultimate wind conditions and other loads. This shift is due to numerous collapses caused by wind or inadequate bracing.

Example

In July 2021, a 37-year-old man died in Brisbane when scaffolding used by camera operators collapsed. Despite emergency efforts, the injuries sustained proved fatal. This tragic event underscores the critical importance of proper scaffold design and adherence to safety regulations.

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