GRADES OF HOT ROLLED STEEL

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On November 23,

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GRADES OF HOT ROLLED STEEL

When it comes to an excellent combination of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, shear strength, toughness, hardness, and ductility, it is hard to beat carbon steel. When it comes to having all of those mechanical properties at an affordable rate, it is hard to beat hot rolled carbon steel. Hot rolled carbon steel is a metal alloy comprised mostly of iron with some carbon that is rolled down in size from an ingot, at a heat level above its recrystallization temperature. Forming hot rolled carbon steel at this high temperature gives it excellent mechanical properties while keeping costs lower than a cold-rolled carbon steel. There are many grades of hot rolled carbon steel available, which might raise the question: &#;What is the difference among all of the hot rolled steel grades?&#; This article answers that question.

The following are some common Grades of Hot Rolled Steel:

A36

C

C

A

C

A500

C

C

A36

ASTM A36 steel is one of the most popular hot rolled steels that Metal Supermarkets sells. When it comes to hot rolled steel, Metal Supermarkets carries product with designations from two organizations: the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). A36 is an ASTM-designated material. It is considered a low carbon steel, since its carbon content is generally between 0.25% and 0.29% by weight. The &#;36&#; in A36 is significant in that it specifies the minimum yield tensile strength at 36,000 psi. A36 is very machinable, weldable, and has excellent mechanical properties. This is part of the reason it is so popular, and why it is widely used in structural applications. Metal Supermarkets sells ASTM A36 in round bar, rectangular bar, square bar, channel, angle, plate, tread plate, round tube, and shafting.

C and C

AISI C and AISI C are two hot rolled steels that are very similar. They are both low carbon. In fact, the only noticeable difference between their chemical compositions is their carbon content. C is 0.08% to 0.13% carbon by weight and C is 0.14% to 0.20% carbon by weight. The difference in carbon content between them can result in slight variations to ductility and tensile strength, but for the most part they are quite similar. They are both weldable, machinable, and formed relatively easily when compared with alloy and high carbon steels. Metal Supermarkets provides C in round tube and C in round bar and mesh sheet. C and C are widely used in structural applications, and are also used frequently in the automotive and furniture industries.

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A

A is another ASTM-designated hot rolled steel that Metal Supermarkets offers. This grade can also have small amounts of other trace elements that make it a very versatile steel. It is widely used in sheet steel structural applications, automotive bodies, drums, and general metal fabrication. Metal Supermarkets provides A in the flat sheet form as well as the expanded metal form.

C

C is an AISI-designated steel that very closely mimics the ASTM-designated A36 steel mentioned above. Their chemical properties have a lot of overlap, with their carbon contents both being on the upper limit of what constitutes a low carbon steel. AISI has a target carbon content of 0.22% to 0.26% by weight. When they are both in the hot rolled condition, their mechanical properties are quite similar as well. Both AISI C and ASTM A36 are great choices when a hot rolled steel is needed, with more strength than an A, C, or C can provide. AISI C is used for structures, automotive components, and furniture, to name a few areas where this hot rolled steel is used. C is available from Metal Supermarkets in square tube and rectangular tube.

A500

ASTM A500 is another low carbon hot rolled steel. It can have up to 0.26% carbon by weight in its chemical composition, and is quite similar to ASTM A36. One main difference between ASTM A500 and ASTM A36 is the shape in which each type of hot rolled steel is available. As previously mentioned, A36 is available in round bar, rectangular bar, square bar, channel, angle, plate, tread plate, round tube, and shafting. A500, on the other hand, is solely used for tubing. Metal Supermarkets carries A500 in square and rectangular tubing in particular. Applications for ASTM A500 are similar to other low carbon hot rolled steels; they are used abundantly in structural applications.

C

C is another AISI designated hot rolled steel. What makes this hot rolled steel different from the previously mentioned steels is that it is a medium carbon steel. With 0.42% to 0.50% carbon by weight, it generally provides more strength than low carbon hot rolled steels. C also has enough carbon where it becomes quite receptive to heat treating. This means that through quench hardening and annealing, its mechanical properties can be altered. C is used in applications similar to low carbon hot rolled steel, except it is typically preferred to low carbon steel when strength is more of a concern than ductility. Metal Supermarkets sells AISI C in the form of round bars and plate.

C

AISI C is another medium carbon hot rolled steel, similar to C. However, AISI C has additions of sulfur and manganese that give it different properties. First, heat treating can be more effective on C than C. Second, C is considered a free machining steel. This means that it is easier on machining tools, which is important as carbon content increases because the corresponding increase in hardness can hinder machinability. It is important to note, however, that the additions of sulfur that make C easily machinable also make it unweldable, in general. AISI C is available in shafting and round bar forms from Metal Supermarkets. AISI C is frequently used in components that require a lot of machining and in certain types of fasteners.

Grades and Uses

What does grades of steel mean?

Steel is essentially an alloy of iron and carbon, and sometimes other elements such as manganese. However, the amounts and proportions of these elements in a particular batch of steel varies. The way steel is manufactured also plays an important role in determining its end application. Thus, simply put, the grade of steel is a way to categorize steel based on the different factors that influences its properties.

What is the need for having multiple steel grades?

We know how far-reaching steel&#;s applications are &#; from smartphones to bridges, steel is used in almost everything we use every day. This necessitates the production of specialized steel that best suits particular applications. For example, steel Grade is suitable for high-heat applications such as gears or moving parts while grade 500&#;s toughness and load bearing capacities are used in heavy-duty mining equipment.

Steel grade is a system that helps distinguish steel in terms of its physical and chemical properties. Various stakeholders in the steel industry, for example, steel manufacturers, dealers and engineers, use the steel grading system to standardize the quality of steel to be used. These standards provide a common language to communicate the properties of steel with great specificity, and guide product manufacturers toward proper processing and application procedures.

What is hot rolled steel?

In hot rolling, steel is milled at a temperature higher than steel&#;s recrystallization temperature, which is usually more than degrees Fahrenheit. This ensures that the steel can be shaped and formed easily and can be manufactured in large sizes. However, it is important to note that &#;hot-rolling&#; is not a grade of steel; hot rolling can be used to make steel of various grades.

What are some of the most-used hot-rolled steel grades?

Hot rolled steel sheets and coils find a wide range of applications in structural and general engineering, welded pipes and tubes, automobile manufacturing and LPG cylinders to name a few. The grades can vary accordingly. At JSW Steel&#;s manufacturing units in Dolvi, Maharashtra, and Vijayanagar, Karnataka, hot rolled steel is produced in plain structural carbon grade, medium carbon grade, high tensile grades of Fe510 and Fe590, two grades of API PSL, low carbon EDD IF steel, and TRIP steel.

Additionally, JSW Steel&#;s Vijayanagar unit has an environment product declaration in accordance with ISO and EN, testifying JSW Steel&#;s commitment to the principles of sustainable development and of environmental stewardship. JSW Steel believes in integrating sustainability into everyday processes.

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