Process for the preparation of stabilized chlorine dioxide

&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;.The present invention relates to a method for preparing a stabilized chlorine dioxide aqueous solution containing free chlorine dioxide, using only sodium chlorite, inorganic acid, carbonate and phosphate to react in an aqueous solution to prepare a stabilized chlorine dioxide aqueous solution containing free chlorine dioxide. It is about how to.

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hlorine dioxide is a powerful oxidant which has 2.5 times more oxidizing power than chlorine, and it selectively reacts with various types of oils and minerals. The use of chlorine dioxide has been mainly used for bleaching pulp, fiber, wheat flour, etc., and has been used for the sterilization and disinfection of tap water or receiving stations in order to remove the risks caused by chlorine disinfection of drinking water. It is also used for wastewater treatment and deodorization. In fact, chlorine dioxide is used as a disinfectant for drinking water in more than 500 water treatment devices in the United States and more than 500 water treatment devices in Europe. Recently, it is also used to remove cyanide in wastewater and desulfurization in petroleum refining.

&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;. &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;(THMs)&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;. &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;.Chlorine dioxide, widely used as a disinfectant, has a number of important properties. Unlike chlorine, it does not react with compounds such as phenol in water to produce odors or chlorophenols that give off unpleasant odors or tastes. It also produces mutagenic and carcinogenic trihalomethanes (THMs) produced during chlorine treatment. I do not. It also rapidly kills bacteria, viruses, algae and other microorganisms in the water by changing the cell wall components and reactions of microorganisms and their physiological functions. And it has the effect of oxidizing iron and manganese ions in water.

&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;.Despite the above excellent effects of chlorine dioxide, practical use has been difficult due to instability of chlorine dioxide, difficulty in handling, and the like. Because of these difficulties, when using chlorine dioxide in production processes such as water treatment plants, swimming pools, wastewater treatment plants and foods, chlorine dioxide is generated using a chlorine dioxide generator that reacts inorganic acids such as chlorite and hydrochloric acid. In such a case, it is difficult to install and operate the chlorine dioxide generator except in the case where chlorine dioxide is needed in large capacity.

&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.In order to solve these problems and to make it possible to supply chlorine dioxide as a liquid product, various methods for stabilizing chlorine dioxide have been announced.

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s a method for preparing stabilized chlorine dioxide, Korean Patent Publication No. 92- describes a method of absorbing chlorine dioxide in an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium diphosphate, and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, U.S. Patent No. 4,473,115 is prepared by absorbing chlorine dioxide in an aqueous solution of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, calcium, magnesium, sodium, peroxide of urea, and phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid peroxide or alkali metal phosphate, sulfate, and borate. In addition, US Patent No. 3,271,242 discloses a method of absorbing chlorine dioxide in an aqueous solution of sodium borate and peroxide and stabilizing by applying heat. All of these methods use a chlorine dioxide by-product produced during the manufacturing process, such as the installation of a separate chlorine dioxide generator or a method for stabilizing by absorbing chlorine dioxide in an aqueous solution that can be stabilized.

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n another method for preparing stabilized chlorine dioxide, in German Patent No. 2,730,883, sulfuric acid is added to chlorite to generate chlorine dioxide, and then stabilized with sodium hydroxide. In German Patent No. 2,728,170, a mixture of chlorite and hypochlorite is used. Inorganic acid is added to generate chlorine dioxide, which is then stabilized with sodium carbonate. In addition, U.S. Patent No. 4,296,103 describes a method of dropping acid by adding chlorite and hypochlorite in a peroxide solution. Unlike the above-mentioned methods, these methods have a characteristic that they are simpler than the method of generating chlorine dioxide and stabilizing them separately to generate chlorine dioxide gas and absorbing the solution. However, since these methods use hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide reacts with hypochlorite ion as follows.

2CIO2+ HOCI-+ H2O = 2CIO3 -+2H++HCI 2CIO 2 + HOCI - + H 2 O = 2CIO 3 - + 2H + + HCI

&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;(CIO3 -)&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;.In accordance with the above reaction scheme, the generated chlorine dioxide is rapidly chlorate ion (CIO 3 -) is changed to a chlorine dioxide content is drastically reduced.

&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;.It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the complexity and economics of the two methods mentioned above, ie, to generate and absorb chlorine dioxide into the solution, and to solve the drastic reduction of the chlorine dioxide content in the second method. It is to provide a method for preparing a new chlorine dioxide solution.

&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; 92-&#;(&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;)&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;, &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 3.3-4.0&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH 6.5-7.5&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;.Therefore, the inventors of the present invention invented a method for preparing an aqueous solution of stabilized chlorine dioxide for the above purpose and filed as Korean Patent Application No. 92- (hereinafter, referred to as the present invention). In this application, sodium chlorite After diluting the solution with water, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the solution to 3.3-4.0, and then adding a mixed solution of sodium carbonate and sodium diphosphate to prepare a stabilized aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide having a pH of 6.5-7.5. Providing.

&#;&#;&#;, &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;.However, according to the present invention, as a result of continuing research to improve the present invention, the time required for synthesis can be much shorter than that by the method of the present invention according to the method of the present invention, The present invention has been completed by discovering the surprising fact that an improved product can be obtained in terms of the stability of the aqueous solution.

&#;, &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 5-6&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#; 24&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#; pH &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.That is, in the case of the present invention, sodium hydroxide and phosphate are used as a stabilizing mixed solution of chlorine dioxide, while 5-6 hours are used to prepare the target aqueous solution, whereas the present invention takes about 24 hours to synthesize It further confirmed that the time is much shorter, and that the case is more stable in the present invention in terms of change in content and pH over time of synthesized chlorine dioxide.

&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 10%, 8%, 5% &#; 3%&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;. &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;.By the method of the present invention to prepare a product containing 10%, 8%, 5% and 3% stabilized chlorine dioxide solution in a single aqueous solution using only sodium chlorite solution, inorganic acid, sodium hydroxide and phosphate at room temperature, atmospheric pressure can do. The present invention is described in detail as follows.

&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 12.0-70.0&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, 0.1-1.0&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, 2.0-7.0&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH 6.5-7.5&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 0.1-1.0&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; 0.2-1.0&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.In the present invention, 12.0-70.0 parts by weight of sodium chlorite solution is added to a round glass tank equipped with a stirrer and a pH electrode at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, diluted with water, and chlorine dioxide is generated with 0.1-1.0 parts by weight of inorganic acid. An aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide having a pH of 6.5-7.5 is prepared by adding 7.0 parts by weight of a mixture of sodium hydroxide and phosphate. At this time, the mixed solution is a mixed aqueous solution of 0.1-1.0 parts by weight sodium hydroxide and 0.2-1.0 parts by weight phosphate and water.

&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 6.8-7.0&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 3-10%&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; 93-95%&#;&#;.The pH of the chlorine dioxide solution prepared by the method of the present invention is preferably 6.8-7.0, the chlorine dioxide content is 3-10% by weight, and the yield is 93-95% by potentiometric analysis.

&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;, &#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.Synthesis method according to the present invention is a stabilization solution consisting of sodium hydroxide, phosphate only, the synthesis is completed in a short time by a one-step reaction, the stability is further improved, the production of chlorine dioxide is simpler and more economical than the conventional method Way.

&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 25-35%, 30-36%, 90% &#;&#; &#; 98% &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.The present invention is explained in more detail by the following examples, comparative examples and experimental examples. In the examples, a product having sodium chlorite solution, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium diphosphate was 25-35%, 30-36%, 90% or more and 98% or more, respectively.

&#;&#;&#; 1Example 1

&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; 55.3&#;&#;&#;, 30% &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 35.5&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 10% &#;&#; 4.25&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.47&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.54&#;&#;&#; &#; &#; 3.94&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0±1&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.55.3 parts by weight of water and 35.5 parts by weight of 30% sodium chlorite solution were added to a round glass tank equipped with a stirrer and a pH electrode at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 4.25 parts by weight of 10% hydrochloric acid was added slowly to generate chlorine dioxide. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0 ± 1 with a mixed solution made of parts by weight, 0.54 parts by weight of sodium diphosphate dibasic and 3.94 parts by weight of water.

&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;%&#; 8%&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; 94%&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 6&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.The pH of the chlorine dioxide solution prepared by the above method was 7.0, and the content of chlorine dioxide was 8% by weight, and the yield was 94% by the potentiometric analysis. The time required for the synthesis was 6 hours and was also confirmed when the presence of free chlorine dioxide was confirmed by spectrophotometer.

&#;&#;&#; 2Example 2

&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#; 71.5&#;&#;&#;, 30% &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 21.9&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 10% &#;&#; 3.17&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.33&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.40&#;&#;&#; &#; &#; 2.70&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0±1&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.71.5 parts by weight of water and 21.9 parts by weight of 30% sodium chlorite solution were added to a round glass tank equipped with a stirrer and a pH electrode at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and chlorine dioxide was generated by adding 3.17 parts by weight of 10% hydrochloric acid while gradually stirring. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0 ± 1 with a mixed solution made of parts by weight, 0.40 parts by weight of sodium diphosphate dihydrate and 2.70 parts by weight of water.

&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;%&#; 5%&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; 95%&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 5&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.The pH of the chlorine dioxide solution prepared by the above method was 7.0, and the content of chlorine dioxide was 5% by weight and 95% yield by the potentiometric analysis. The time required for the synthesis was 5 hours and was also confirmed when the presence of free chlorine dioxide was confirmed by the spectrophotometer.

&#;&#;&#; 3Example 3

&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; 82,0&#;&#;&#;, 30% &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 13.6&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 10% &#;&#; 1.95&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.16&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.24&#;&#;&#; &#; &#; 2.05&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0±1&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.82,0 parts by weight of water and 13.6 parts by weight of 30% sodium chlorite solution were added to a round glass tank equipped with a stirrer and a pH electrode at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and chlorine dioxide was generated by adding 1.95 parts by weight of 10% hydrochloric acid while gradually stirring. The mixed solution made of 0.16 parts of sodium, 0.24 parts of sodium diphosphate dibasic and 2.05 parts of water was adjusted so that the pH of the solution was 7.0 ± 1.

&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;%&#; 3%&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; 95%&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 5&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.The pH of the chlorine dioxide solution prepared by the above method was 7.0, and the content of chlorine dioxide was 3% by weight and 95% yield by the potentiometric analysis. The time required for the synthesis was 5 hours and was also confirmed when the presence of free chlorine dioxide was confirmed by spectrophotometer.

&#;&#;&#; 4Example 4

&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; 46.0&#;&#;&#;, 30% &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 45.8&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 10% &#;&#; 5.05&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.51&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.62&#;&#;&#; &#; &#; 4.02&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0±1&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.46.0 parts by weight of water and 45.8 parts by weight of 30% sodium chlorite solution were added to a round glass tank equipped with a stirrer and a pH electrode at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and 5.05 parts by weight of 10% hydrochloric acid was added thereto to generate chlorine dioxide. A mixed solution made of parts by weight, 0.62 parts by weight of dibasic sodium phosphate and 4.02 parts by weight of water was adjusted so that the pH of the solution was 7.0 ± 1.

&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;%&#; 10.22%&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; 93%&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 6&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.The pH of the chlorine dioxide solution prepared by the above method was 7.0, and the content of chlorine dioxide was 10.22% by weight as a result of potentiometric analysis and the yield was 93%. The time required for the synthesis was 6 hours and was also confirmed when the presence of free chlorine dioxide was confirmed by spectrophotometer.

&#;&#;&#; 1Comparative Example 1

&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; pH &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; 45.8&#;&#;&#;, 30% &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 44.9&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 10% &#;&#; 5.18&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.61&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 0.32&#;&#;&#; &#; &#; 3.19&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0±1&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.45.8 parts by weight of water and 44.9 parts by weight of 30% sodium zinc oxalate solution were added to a round glass tank equipped with a stirrer and a pH electrode at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. 5.18 parts by weight of 10% hydrochloric acid was added thereto to generate chlorine dioxide. In addition, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0 ± 1 with a mixed solution made of 0.32 parts by weight of sodium diphosphate dihydrate and 3.19 parts by weight of water.

&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH&#; 7.0&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;%&#; 10.12%&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; 94%&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 24&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;.The pH of the chlorine dioxide solution prepared by the above method was 7.0, and the content of chlorine dioxide was 10.12% by weight, and the yield was 94%. The time required for the synthesis was 24 hours and was also confirmed when the presence of free chlorine dioxide was confirmed by spectrophotometer.

&#;&#;&#;Experimental Example

&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 4 &#; &#;&#;&#; 1&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; pH &#;&#;&#; 6&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;, &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;1&#; &#; &#;2&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;.With respect to the sample aqueous solutions prepared in Example 4 and Comparative Example 1, the content of chlorine dioxide and the pH change were compared and evaluated over 6 months, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;-88&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;.The evaluation method for the sample aqueous solution followed the chlorine dioxide test method in the standards and standards of the sanitary products of the notification of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs of the Republic of Korea No. -88.

&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#; -86&#;Ministry of Health and Social Affairs Notice No. -86

: &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;(2&#;): Chlorine dioxide test method (2 types)

1) pH : &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; pH&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;.1) pH: Measure pH by glass electrode method.

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2) &#;&#; : &#;&#; &#; 0.5ml&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 50ml&#; &#; &#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; 3g &#; &#;&#;&#;&#; 10ml&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; 20&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; 0.1N &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;. &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#;&#; 2ml&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;(A).2) Content: Approximately 0.5ml of the sample is precisely taken into an iodine flask, and water is added to make 50ml. After adding 3g of potassium iodide and 10ml of acetic acid solution, it is left in a dark place for 20 minutes and titrated with 0.1N sodium thiosulfate solution. When the color of the solution turns pale yellow, add 2 ml of starch solution and continue titration until it becomes colorless (A).

&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;(B).Separately, perform a blank test in the same manner (B).

&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;(%)= Chlorine Dioxide Content (%) =

* &#;&#;&#;&#; : &#;&#;&#; 36g&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; 100ml&#; &#;&#;.* Acetic acid solution: Put 36 g of glacial acetic acid and make 100ml.

&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#; &#;1&#; &#; 2&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;, &#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, pH&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#; &#;&#;, &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; pH&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#; &#;&#;&#; &#;&#;&#;&#;.As a result of the above experimental example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the case of the chlorine dioxide aqueous solution prepared according to the present invention, the content decreases with time, and the pH is increased, whereas the method of the present invention In the case of the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution prepared according to the present invention, the change in content over time was very small and the pH was found to be almost unchanged.

What is Chlorine Dioxide?

Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) is relied on by multiple industries around the world and in many everyday products to kill germs quickly, effectively, and safely. It is an extremely powerful sanitiser and antimicrobial that has been used for the past century to make public water safe to drink and to help prevent the spread of bacterial infections and disease.

Unlike other sanitisers, ClO2 is especially effective at killing tough germs that have developed a resistance to chlorine. It works by oxidation - reacting to the acid in the cell walls of microorganisms which kills them quickly.

This oxidising process is so powerful that ClO2 has the broadest efficacy against microbial organisms that include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, yeasts, fungi, mycobacteria, and bacterial spores.

Here's how DX50 stabilised Chlorine Dioxide works

Chlorine dioxide acts as an oxidising agent, but it works differently to other oxidisers like chlorine because of its unique chemical behaviour.

It penetrates the cell wall by stealing electrons from the microorganism&#;s vital structures (cell walls, membranes, organelles, and genetic materials) and reacts with the amino acids in the cytoplasm within the cell. This disrupts the protein function and enzyme action and kills the microorganism.

At low concentrations, ClO2 kills microorganisms even when they are inactive, and because they die so fast the pathogens cannot become resistant. Chlorine dioxide even kills Giardia Lambia and Cryptosporidium, which are highly resistant to other disinfectants including sodium hypochlorite and chlorine.

Importantly, chlorine dioxide is a size selective antimicrobial agent that can rapidly kill microorganisms, but not larger humans and animals. This selectivity isn&#;t based on the different biochemistry between microbes and humans, but on the difference in size.

A flexible alternative

DX50 Water Treatment is not pH dependent and works most effectively in cold water. DX50 can also break down the protective biofilm surrounding a wide range of pathogens.

 Chemical DX50® Chlorine Dioxide Chlorine - Sodium Hypochlorite Killing Power High (2.46) Moderate (1.00) Microbial Range Broad Spectrum: Effective against all Bacteria, E-coli, Virus, mould, Fungi, Algae, and spore formers Less effective against fungi & spore formers. Ineffective against viruses Dose (parts per million) 50 ppm 600ppm Killing Speed Minutes Minutes - Hours Corrosivity Negligible at use concentration High to most metals Optimal Kill Conditions 2 - 11 pH 6.8 - 7.3 pH

How was chlorine dioxide discovered?

Chlorine dioxide is a neutral chemical compound that consists of one chlorine atom and two oxygen atoms. It is a yellowish-green gas that at normal room temperature (above 11oC) is highly soluble, but it doesn&#;t react with water.

It was discovered in by British chemist Sir Humphrey Davy when he dropped sulfuric acid (an acidic reactor) on to potassium chlorate (the precursor to chlorine dioxide).

At temperatures between 11oC and &#;59oC the gas turns into a reddish-brown liquid and below &#;59oC it becomes bright orange crystals. Later experimentation replaced the sulfuric acid with hypochlorous acid to produce chlorine dioxide. As a gas ClO2 is unstable and potentially dangerous if inhaled, so it is normally generated in water solution by using sodium chlorite.

By , sodium chlorite became established as a commercial product for the generation of ClO2. With powerful oxidising, antimicrobial, and bleaching properties interest in ClO2 grew rapidly. Its use spread widely for treating municipal drinking water supplies.

What is chlorine dioxide used for?

In recent years the use of ClO2 has extended considerably for a variety of liquid, gas, and surface treatment applications. This includes disinfecting food processing and equipment, medical and pharmaceutical equipment, agriculture and horticultural environments, premises and vehicles, bio-medical waste, wastewater, mould eradication, microbiological control in cooling towers, air disinfection and odour control, treatment of swimming pools, dental applications, wound cleansing, and more.

The compound is favoured over other disinfectants for treating water because ClO2 is also more effective at reducing unpleasant odours, tastes, and colours, and for removing mould and algae. Plus, it helps to remove iron and manganese from untreated water.

Chlorine dioxide is also used in disaster management. It was used to decontaminate buildings after the anthrax attacks in the US, and to kill mould growing in flooded houses after Hurricane Katrina.

Nowadays, with increasing microbial resistance to traditional chemical disinfectants (such as alcohols and quaternary ammonium compounds), there is growing interest in ClO2 as a strong and effective biocide.

What&#;s the difference between chlorine and chlorine dioxide?

Many people confuse the term &#;chlorine dioxide&#; with a compound that acts like chlorine, which is misleading because chlorine is not in fact the active element.

Chlorine has two chlorine atoms and no oxygen (Cl&#;) and works by chlorinating, whereas ClO2 has one chlorine and two oxygen atoms and works by oxidising.

While they&#;re both oxidisers (electron receivers), ClO2 is very different from elemental chlorine both in its chemical structure and in its behaviour. Firstly, chlorine dioxide doesn&#;t react (or reacts extremely slowly) with most organic compounds of a living tissue because it is size selective. What this means is it can kill micron-sized organisms fast, but it can&#;t do much harm to larger organisms like animals or humans, as it is unable to penetrate deeply into their living tissues.

Secondly, ClO2 has more than 2.5 times the oxidation capacity of chlorine, and it kills bacteria, viruses, and protozoa differently via an electron exchange. It can take in five electrons before it is reduced and forms a stable chloride, whereas chlorine can only absorb two electrons.

The organic material selectivity and greater oxidation capacity of ClO2 makes it a stronger oxidative disinfectant than chlorine.

What about residues?

The electron exchange difference also explains why ClO2 does not form chlorinated compounds when it reacts with organic substances.

When exposed to organic matter and sunlight, ClO2 breaks down quickly and leaves minimal to no detectable chemical residues. The only by-products of chlorine dioxide&#;s oxidising reaction are chlorite and chloride, which at low levels is harmless to humans and animals.

Whereas when chlorine reacts, it not only accepts electrons, it also takes part in addition and substitution reactions; adding one or more chlorine atoms to the substance to form environmentally dangerous chlorinated organics, including potentially carcinogenic residues and trihalomethanes such as chloroform.

As the diagram below shows, while dosing the same concentrations, in heavily polluted water the residual concentration of ClO2 is much higher than the residual concentration of chlorine.

Therefore, disinfecting water with lower doses of ClO2 is not only more efficient and effective at killing bugs than chlorine, but safer for humans, animals, and the environment.

Is chlorine dioxide safe?

Chlorine dioxide rapidly decomposes after use and leaves no harmful by-products.

When applied in recommended doses, chlorine dioxide is safe and does not lead to health risks. The EPA&#;s maximum concentration for chlorine dioxide in public drinking water is 0.8 milligrams per litre (mg/L) and 1.0 mg/L for chlorite ion.

DX50 Water Treatment solution is known to be effective at an even lower ClO2 concentration of just 0.075 mg/L, which is well within acceptable limits. Applying just 50ml per L of water will safely disinfect a full water tank in just a few hours.

In its concentrate form, however, chlorine dioxide is a hazardous gas and can cause irritation if inhaled. Because it is normally used in a diluted form, and quickly breaks down. Most of us are unlikely to breathe in dangerous levels of ClO2. Similarly, most people will not be exposed to ClO2 or chlorite in amounts large enough to damage the body.

When manufactured with dry ingredients, and at high ppm (parts per million), ClO2 is potentially explosive.

But ClO2 produced as a watery solution at around 4ºC becomes a nonhazardous gaseous diluent, as it does not hydrolyse to any appreciable extent. In this state it is quite stable, and will remain so for some time, but not indefinitely if exposed to air as ClO2 will slowly dissociate into chlorine and oxygen.

To maintain its stability, aqueous ClO2 solutions like DX50 should be stored in a cool, well-sealed and dark area protected from sunlight. It is best used within a year of manufacture.

Benefits of ClO2

• Approved by the Environmental Protection Agency as a primary drinking water disinfectant
• Five electrons produce higher oxidation capacity than chlorine
• It is highly soluble in water even in cold water - up to ten times more so than chlorine.
• Inactivates microorganisms over a broad pH range
• Superior germicidal properties
• Chlorine dioxide has the broadest efficacy against microbial organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, yeasts, fungi, mycobacteria, and bacterial spores
• Unlike other disinfectants, ClO2 is even effective against Cryptosporidium and Giardia
• Microorganisms cannot develop resistance to ClO2
• Can also be applied when a large amount of organic matter is present.
• Excellent residual disinfection action and biofilm control.
• Chlorite is the main disinfection by product of ClO2 which quickly reduces to form harmless chloride.
• Does not form chloramines and chlorogenic compounds as toxic by-products. Unlike ozone, chlorine dioxide does not oxidise bromide ions into bromate ions, which are known carcinogens. Nor does it produce large amounts of aldehydes and ketones.
• Chlorine dioxide improves water taste and odour
• It is more potent than equivalent doses of chlorine
• It destroys sulphides, cyanides, and phenols, controls algae, and neutralises iron and manganese ions
• Less chlorine dioxide is needed to obtain an active residual disinfectant than other disinfectants such as chlorine and ozone
• Less affected by nitrogenous wastes