The Rise of Biodegradable Thin Films Across Industries

Plastic constitutes a significant portion of the inorganic solid waste generated daily in municipal solid waste (MSW). The substantial volume of plastic waste has severe environmental repercussions, contributing to soil pollution through landfilling, water pollution when dumped into oceans, and air pollution.1

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Plastics make up approximately 5&#;12 % of global waste generation, constituting around 20&#;30 % of waste by weight. Alarmingly, about 60 % of plastics end up as plastic waste (PW) in the environment.2

Conventional plastics are typically produced from fossil fuels like petroleum and natural gas, whereas biodegradable plastics are sourced from renewable materials such as plant and microbial biomass.

These renewable biopolymers exhibit chemical and mechanical characteristics comparable to those of traditional plastics.3 Biodegradable thin films, the most popular choice, contain additives that confer desirable properties and enable enzymes to break them down into simpler components decomposable by microorganisms.

Due to these advantageous characteristics, biodegradable thin films are widely chosen to promote net-zero emissions and significantly reduce plastic waste, thereby mitigating pollution.

An Introduction to Biodegradable Thin Films

Amid growing environmental concerns surrounding traditional plastic products, the world is turning to biodegradable thin film materials as an alternative. Biodegradable films and coatings, consisting of thin layers, are in high demand across various industries, particularly the food packaging industry.

These environmentally friendly packaging films and coatings primarily consist of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and antimicrobial ingredients. These coatings form a continuous thin layer, usually between 0.050 and 0.250 mm, which is deemed safe for consumption alongside food.4

The materials used to produce these films originate from renewable biological sources, predominantly starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins, gelatin, lipids, fibers, and similar resources.

The applications of biodegradable thin films necessitate the incorporation of additives during manufacturing, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials, to enhance their structural strength and chemical stability.

Biodegradable plastics are decomposed into harmless elementary compounds by microorganisms in natural environments and conditions like soil, composting, anaerobic digestion, or water bodies. This results in the formation of harmless products, such as carbon dioxide, water, and methane.5

Compared to other degradation processes, biodegradation is significantly faster, and the by-products pose no harm to the environment.

Biodegradable thin films do not require special conditions or enzymes for breakdown and easily decompose alongside other organic waste. As a result, once their operational time is complete and they are discarded, there is no need to separate these thin films from other wastes.6 This saves time and money, making composting a sustainable and financially viable option.

Industries Leveraging Biodegradable Thin Films

Food packaging is a critical and intricate process, ensuring food quality according to standards while safeguarding it from germs and bacteria. Biodegradable films and coatings are unequivocally the foremost products for this purpose, providing the most sustainable packaging solutions.

Fresh produce, such as fruits and vegetables, have higher rates of respiration and transpiration, which can cause microbial spoilage. Active thin films offer a significant advantage by enabling manufacturers to maintain unique in-package atmosphere modification.

This allows for the maintenance of a tailored environment for different types of fruits, ensuring their freshness. PLA-based films have proven effective in controlling respiration rates and moisture loss, particularly in fresh-cut pineapples.7

In the dairy industry, there is a noticeable shift towards the use of biodegradable thin films. For instance, in , a prominent German dairy company, Dannon, introduced PLA packaging for its Activia yogurt in Germany.

PLA packaging has also been adopted to store Danbo cheese in light and dark conditions. Additionally, antimicrobial biodegradable nisin films are utilized to inhibit yeast and mold growth, particularly in cheese products such as mozzarella.7

Biodegradable thin films show promise in addressing plastic debris accumulation and soil pollution. Active biodegradable films are considered the most effective alternative to traditional plastic films for winter rapeseed production.

In a study involving summer maize, researchers utilized a combination of three biodegradable films. Results showed a notable increase in soil temperature and water storage compared to traditional plastic film. The soil organic carbon content of the unaltered group was approximately 15 % higher in the group with biodegradable film, and these films also reduced the release of nitrogenous gases.8

In addition to the agriculture and packaging industries, biodegradable films are extensively used in the biomedical field. A prime example is chitosan-based biodegradable films in regenerative medicine, employed due to their biodegradability, porosity, and biomechanical compatibility.

Bone tissue engineering approaches using artificially fabricated grafts are very beneficial for the regeneration of both autograft and allograft bone. These films support bone growth at attachment sites and help maintain structural integrity during in

vivo tissue remodeling.9

These biodegradable films are also extensively employed for drug delivery in treating cancers, revolutionizing the biomedical field. 

Challenges in Biodegradable Thin Film Technology

While biodegradability offers sustainability advantages, several challenges must be efficiently addressed. Biopolymers utilized in biodegradable thin films necessitate specialized industrial composting conditions for complete degradation, unlike backyard composting. This limits accessibility due to the limited availability of such facilities in many regions.

The biodegradation rates of thin active films can also vary significantly depending on the polymer type and environmental conditions, with reported timeframes ranging from less than 100 days to over a year.7

Experts have raised concerns about ecological toxicity originating from the accumulation of monomers, plasticizers, or nanoparticles released during fragmentation. Biodegradation also releases greenhouse gases like methane, which could exacerbate the impacts of climate change.7

In most areas, the lack of composting infrastructure and waste collection systems poses a significant challenge for the disposal of biodegradable plastics after use. These limitations threaten the commercialization of biodegradable thin films and strongly affect confidence in this technology.

Advancements in Biodegradable Thin Film Technology

Experts have begun using encapsulation technology to overcome the limitations of conventional biodegradable thin films and significantly boost their physiochemical stability. Encapsulation involves enclosing or coating one substance, whether in solid, liquid, or gaseous form, within another material known as the wall material.

This innovative technology aims to protect sensitive bioactive natural compounds from damage, particularly under harsh conditions.10 However, stringent European regulations concerning food contact materials and safety considerations have limited the application of numerous encapsulated antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in release systems.

Addressing legislative restrictions and establishing a unified global organization would facilitate the development of more precise and comprehensive regulations for materials in contact with food. This would enable greater specificity and accuracy in governing food-contact materials, thereby fostering innovation and ensuring food safety standards are met across borders.10

In another development, researchers have incorporated biodegradable star-shaped PCL-PDLA plasticizers to achieve super-tough yet highly biodegradable blends of Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA).

These plasticizers were combined with PLGA to produce transparent thin films. With just a 0.5 wt % addition of star-shaped PCL-b-PDLA, the elongation at break of the PLGA blend increased to approximately 248 %, without significantly compromising its excellent mechanical strength or modulus.

The morphology of the PLGA blends revealed a robust cross-linked network between the PLLA and PDLA segments, which effectively enhanced interfacial adhesion.11

The Future of Biodegradable Thin Films

Various industries are now exploring biodegradable thin films due to their numerous advantages and benefits. The advancement of new biodegradable polymers necessitates simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability wherever feasible, offering significant employment opportunities. The emergence of new hybrid systems is anticipated, as these novel biodegradable polymers may exhibit effective and crucial properties.

More from AZoM: Laser Annealing for Crystalline Thin Films

References and Further Reading

[1] Paletta, A., et al. (). Barriers and challenges to plastics valorisation in the context of a circular economy: Case studies from Italy. Journal of Cleaner Production. doi.org/10./j.jclepro..

[2] Zhang, F., et al. (). Current technologies for plastic waste treatment: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production. doi.org/10./j.jclepro..

[3] Dirpan, A., et al. (). A Review on Biopolymer-Based Biodegradable Film for Food Packaging: Trends over the Last Decade and Future Research. Polymers. doi.org/10./polym

[4] Gupta, V., et al. (). A Comprehensive Review of Biodegradable Polymer-Based Films and Coatings and Their Food Packaging Applications. Materials. doi.org/10./ma

[5] Edaes, F., et al. (). Conventional Plastics' Harmful Effects and Biological and Molecular Strategies for Biodegradable Plastics' Production. Current Biotechnology. doi.org/10./

[6] Guo, C., et al. (). Progress in the Degradability of Biodegradable Film Materials for Packaging. Membranes. doi.org/10./membranes

[7] Cheng, J., et al. (). Applications of biodegradable materials in food packaging: A review. Alexandria Engineering Journal. doi.org/10./j.aej..01.080

[8] Sun, Y., et al. (). Past, present, and future perspectives of biodegradable films for soil: A 30-year systematic review. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. doi.org/10./fbioe..

The company is the world’s best biodegradable plastic film manufacturer supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.

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[9] Rezaei, F., et al. (). Chitosan films and scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications: A review. Carbohydrate polymers. doi.org/10./j.carbpol..

[10] Baghi, F., et al. (). Advancements in Biodegradable Active Films for Food Packaging: Effects of Nano/Microcapsule Incorporation. Foods. doi.org/10./foods

[11] Jeong J., et al. (). Super-Tough and Biodegradable Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Transparent Thin Films Toughened by Star-Shaped PCL-b-PDLA Plasticizers. Polymers. doi.org/10./polym

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

Biodegradable stretch film is becoming increasingly popular as an environmentally friendly packaging solution, replacing traditional plastic stretch film. For businesses looking to import large quantities of biodegradable stretch film, it's essential to understand key information about this type of film. So, what is biodegradable stretch film, and how should you store it when buying in bulk? Read the article below to find out!

What is Biodegradable Stretch Film?

Biodegradable stretch film is a type of packaging material designed to naturally decompose over time. It is often made from materials such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Tapioca, and Polycaprolactone (PCL). This film shares the same characteristics and functions as traditional stretch film, with the added benefit of being biodegradable.

Uses of Biodegradable Stretch Film

In addition to its primary function of protecting and preserving goods during transportation, biodegradable stretch film offers several excellent benefits that other materials may lack. 

Secure Protection

When packaging goods for shipping, it helps protect products from stacking-related damage, including tearing, and exposure to rain, dust, and moisture. Depending on the material, this film can also shield products from direct sunlight and corrosion. Some films even have breathable features to prevent overheating and damage.

Enhanced Aesthetics

With advancements in technology, various types of biodegradable stretch films are available in different colors, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of packaged goods. Darker-colored films make products stand out in a crowd.

Environmentally Friendly

Most of them are made from Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), a recyclable material that requires suitable technology, machinery, and infrastructure for recycling. Opting for biodegradable stretch film can reduce the environmental impact and decrease plastic waste.

Cost Savings

Besides being environmentally friendly, using it for packaging can help businesses save costs. One cost-saving tip from packaging experts is to reduce the film thickness, as thinner films can still meet the requirements of thicker traditional films. Reducing film thickness can save businesses 15-30% in packaging costs per load.

How to Store Biodegradable Stretch Film in Bulk

Unlike traditional stretch film, they requires more careful storage conditions due to its decomposable nature. When a business imports a large quantity, it's essential to adhere to the following conditions.

Summer Storage

Assuming the business is storing a batch of it in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment during the summer, it's crucial to note that excessive heat can cause the film to melt and stick together, rendering it unusable. Moving the film to the coolest area in the warehouse and even using air conditioning can extend its shelf life until it reaches end-users.

Winter Storage

Conversely, during winter, extremely low temperatures can make it brittle and prone to cracking. Businesses should move the film to a well-ventilated, insulated area. If it's exceptionally cold, using heating equipment can prevent the film from becoming brittle.

FAQ

Here are some frequently asked questions about the functionality and storage of biodegradable stretch film when importing internationally.

• How does biodegradable stretch film work?

This type of film is typically made from biodegradable materials like plant-based polymers that can naturally decompose under conditions such as sunlight, moisture, and microbial activity without leaving harmful residues.

• How long does it take for biodegradable stretch film to decompose?

The decomposition time of biodegradable stretch film depends on the material used. Under ideal conditions, it can decompose within weeks to months, significantly faster than traditional plastics.

Where can I buy biodegradable stretch film in bulk?

If your business is seeking a reliable supplier of biodegradable stretch film with extensive experience, a diverse range of products, and high-quality standards, look no further than Haplast!

With nearly 20 years of experience in packaging manufacturing and exporting to over 80 countries worldwide, Haplast is confident as a quality packaging manufacturer, providing the best services in Vietnam. We produce and supply various products such as food bags, trash bags, reusable bags, shopping bags, biodegradable bags, etc. With two factories in Hung Yen, Haplast can produce over 54,000 tons annually, exporting to 80 countries, including demanding markets such as Japan, Europe, the United States, Canada, Germany, and Spain.

Recently, Haplast proudly participated as one of the 60 Vietnamese enterprises attending the APEC Business Summit. This not only marks a significant milestone in the history and development of Haplast but also acknowledges and highly appreciates Haplast's contribution to the Vietnamese economy.

We take pride in being one of the few businesses in Vietnam to receive many international certifications in the packaging manufacturing industry, including JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration), BRC (British Retail Consortium), BSCI (Business Social Compliance Initiative), GRS (Global Recycled Standard), SGS (Société Générale de Surveillance), and ISO :. These certifications obtained by HAPLAST over the years serve as evidence of our dedication and contribution to the packaging industry as well as our responsibility toward the environment and society. Biodegradable Stretch Film: Uses and 2 Storage Tips for Large Quantities

Contact us to discuss your requirements of biobag dog poop bags. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.