Chemical compound

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Chemical compound

Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide.[3]

The pure material is colorless, while pieces of technical-grade calcium carbide are grey or brown and consist of about 80&#;85% of CaC2 (the rest is CaO (calcium oxide), Ca3P2 (calcium phosphide), CaS (calcium sulfide), Ca3N2 (calcium nitride), SiC (silicon carbide), C (carbon), etc.). In the presence of trace moisture, technical-grade calcium carbide emits an unpleasant odor reminiscent of garlic.[4]

Applications of calcium carbide include manufacture of acetylene gas, generation of acetylene in carbide lamps, manufacture of chemicals for fertilizer, and steelmaking.

Production

Calcium carbide is produced industrially in an electric arc furnace from a mixture of lime and coke at approximately 2,200 °C (3,990 °F).[5] This is an endothermic reaction requiring 110 kilocalories (460 kJ) per mole[6] and high temperatures to drive off the carbon monoxide. This method has not changed since its invention in :

CaO + 3 C &#; CaC2 + CO

The high temperature required for this reaction is not practically achievable by traditional combustion, so the reaction is performed in an electric arc furnace with graphite electrodes. The carbide product produced generally contains around 80% calcium carbide by weight. The carbide is crushed to produce small lumps that can range from a few mm up to 50 mm. The impurities are concentrated in the finer fractions. The CaC2 content of the product is assayed by measuring the amount of acetylene produced on hydrolysis. As an example, the British and German standards for the content of the coarser fractions are 295 L/kg and 300 L/kg respectively (at 101 kPa pressure and 20 °C (68 °F) temperature). Impurities present in the carbide include calcium phosphide, which produces phosphine when hydrolysed.[7]

This reaction was an important part of the Industrial Revolution in chemistry, and was made possible in the United States as a result of massive amounts of inexpensive hydroelectric power produced at Niagara Falls before the turn of the 20th century.[8] The electric arc furnace method was discovered in by T. L. Willson, and independently in the same year by H. Moissan.[9][10][11] In Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Austrian industrialist Josef Kranz and his "Bosnische-Elektrizitäts AG" company, whose successor later became "Elektro-Bosna", opened the largest chemical factory for the production of calcium carbide at the time in Europe in . A hydroelectric power station on the Pliva river with an installed capacity of 8 MW was constructed to supply electricity for the factory, the first power station of its kind in Southeast Europe, and became operational on 24 March .[12]

Crystal structure

Pure calcium carbide is a colourless solid. The common crystalline form at room temperature is a distorted rock-salt structure with the C22&#; units lying parallel.[13] There are three different polymorphs which appear at room temperature: the tetragonal structure and two different monoclinic structures.[1]

Applications

Production of acetylene

The reaction of calcium carbide with water, producing acetylene and calcium hydroxide,[5] was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler in .

This reaction was the basis of the industrial manufacture of acetylene, and is the major industrial use of calcium carbide.

Today acetylene is mainly manufactured by the partial combustion of methane or appears as a side product in the ethylene stream from cracking of hydrocarbons. Approximately 400,000 tonnes are produced this way annually (see acetylene preparation).

In China, acetylene derived from calcium carbide remains a raw material for the chemical industry, in particular for the production of polyvinyl chloride. Locally produced acetylene is more economical than using imported oil.[14] Production of calcium carbide in China has been increasing. In output was 8.94 million tons, with the capacity to produce 17 million tons.[15]

In the United States, Europe, and Japan, consumption of calcium carbide is generally declining.[16] Production levels in the US during the s were 236,000 tons per year.[13]

Production of calcium cyanamide

Calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen at high temperature to form calcium cyanamide:[5]

CaC2 + N2 &#; CaCN2 + C

Commonly known as nitrolime, calcium cyanamide is used as fertilizer. It is hydrolysed to cyanamide, H2NCN.[5]

Steelmaking

Calcium carbide is used:

• in the desulfurization of iron (pig iron, cast iron and steel)

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• as a fuel in steelmaking to extend the scrap ratio to liquid iron, depending on economics.
• as a powerful deoxidizer at ladle treatment facilities.

Carbide lamps

Calcium carbide is used in carbide lamps. Water dripping on carbide produces acetylene gas, which burns and produces light. While these lamps gave steadier and brighter light than candles, they were dangerous in coal mines, where flammable methane gas made them a serious hazard. The presence of flammable gases in coal mines led to miner safety lamps such as the Davy lamp, in which a wire gauze reduces the risk of methane ignition. Carbide lamps were still used extensively in slate, copper, and tin mines where methane is not a serious hazard. Most miners' lamps have now been replaced by electric lamps.

Carbide lamps are still used for mining in some less wealthy countries, for example in the silver mines near Potosí, Bolivia. Carbide lamps are also still used by some cavers exploring caves and other underground areas,[17] although they are increasingly being replaced in this use by LED lights.

Carbide lamps were also used extensively as headlamps in early automobiles, motorcycles and bicycles, but have been replaced entirely by electric lamps.[18]

Other uses

Calcium carbide is sometimes used as source of acetylene, which like ethylene gas, is a ripening agent.[19] However, this is illegal in some countries as, in the production of acetylene from calcium carbide, contamination often leads to trace production of phosphine and arsine.[20][21] These impurities can be removed by passing the acetylene gas through acidified copper sulfate solution, but, in developing countries, this precaution is often neglected.

Calcium carbide is used in toy cannons such as the Big-Bang Cannon, as well as in bamboo cannons. In the Netherlands calcium carbide is used around new-year to shoot with milk churns.[22]

Calcium carbide, together with calcium phosphide, is used in floating, self-igniting naval signal flares, such as those produced by the Holmes' Marine Life Protection Association.

Calcium carbide is used to determine the moisture content of soil. When soil and calcium carbide are mixed in a closed pressure cylinder, the water content in soil reacts with calcium carbide to release acetylene whose pressure can be measured to determine the moisture content.[23][24]

Calcium carbide is sold commercially as a mole repellent.[25] When it comes into contact with water, the gas produced drives moles away.[26]

References

The Uses And Advantages Of Calcium Carbide Powder

Welcome to our article on the uses and advantages of calcium carbide powder. Calcium carbide is a fascinating compound with a wide range of applications in various industries. In this article, we will explore the diverse uses of calcium carbide powder and delve into the numerous advantages it offers. Whether you are a researcher, a manufacturer, or simply curious about the possibilities of this versatile substance, this article is sure to provide valuable insights. So, join us as we uncover the potential of calcium carbide powder and discover how it can benefit different aspects of our lives.

Introduction to Calcium Carbide Powder

Calcium carbide powder is a chemical compound that is made up of calcium and carbide. It is a grayish-white crystalline powder that has a wide range of uses and advantages. In this article, we will explore the uses and advantages of calcium carbide powder, as well as its chemical properties and safety considerations.

Chemical Properties

Calcium carbide powder is a highly reactive compound that is often used in the production of acetylene gas. When calcium carbide comes into contact with water, it produces acetylene gas and calcium hydroxide. This reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it produces a large amount of heat and energy. This makes calcium carbide powder a valuable compound for use in welding and cutting processes, where acetylene gas is used as a fuel.

Uses

One of the primary uses of calcium carbide powder is in the production of acetylene gas for welding and cutting applications. Acetylene gas is highly flammable and produces a high-temperature flame, making it ideal for cutting and welding metals. Calcium carbide powder is also used in the production of calcium cyanamide, a nitrogen fertilizer that is used to improve the quality of soil and promote plant growth.

Advantages

There are several advantages to using calcium carbide powder. One of the main advantages is its ability to produce acetylene gas, which is a valuable fuel for welding and cutting applications. In addition, calcium carbide powder is a relatively inexpensive compound, making it a cost-effective choice for industrial applications.

Safety Considerations

It is important to handle calcium carbide powder with care, as it can be hazardous if not used properly. Calcium carbide can react violently with water, producing a large amount of acetylene gas and heat. It is important to store calcium carbide powder in a cool, dry place, and to keep it away from sources of moisture. When handling calcium carbide powder, it is important to wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, to prevent skin and eye irritation.

In conclusion, calcium carbide powder is a valuable compound that has a wide range of uses and advantages. From its ability to produce acetylene gas for welding and cutting applications, to its use in the production of nitrogen fertilizer, calcium carbide powder is an important compound in various industries. However, it is important to handle calcium carbide powder with care, as it can be hazardous if not used properly. With the proper precautions and safety measures, calcium carbide powder can be a valuable tool for many industrial applications.

Industrial Uses of Calcium Carbide Powder

Calcium carbide powder is a versatile compound that has found a variety of industrial uses due to its unique properties. In this article, we will explore the industrial uses of calcium carbide powder and the advantages it offers in various applications.

One of the primary industrial uses of calcium carbide powder is in the production of acetylene gas. When calcium carbide powder is combined with water, it produces acetylene gas, which is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block in various industries. The use of acetylene gas derived from calcium carbide powder is particularly prevalent in metal fabrication and welding, where it is used for cutting and welding metals.

In addition to acetylene production, calcium carbide powder is also utilized in the manufacturing of calcium cyanamide, a nitrogen fertilizer. By reacting calcium carbide powder with nitrogen, calcium cyanamide is formed, which serves as an important source of nitrogen for plants. This application of calcium carbide powder contributes to the agricultural industry by providing an essential nutrient for crop growth.

Furthermore, calcium carbide powder is employed in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a widely used plastic material. In this process, calcium carbide is reacted with chlorine to produce calcium chloride and acetylene, which is then used as a precursor in the synthesis of vinyl chloride monomer. PVC, derived from this process, is utilized in a wide array of products, including pipes, cables, and packaging materials.

Another industrial use of calcium carbide powder is in the production of calcium hydroxide, also known as slaked lime. When calcium carbide powder is combined with water, it reacts to form calcium hydroxide, which is widely used in the construction industry for mortar and plaster, as well as in the chemical industry for the manufacture of various chemicals.

Moreover, calcium carbide powder is used as a dehydrating agent in many chemical processes. Its ability to react with water to produce acetylene gas makes it a valuable desiccant in chemical reactions that require the removal of moisture.

In addition to its industrial uses, calcium carbide powder offers several advantages that make it a preferred choice in various applications. Its high energy content, derived from the release of acetylene gas upon reaction with water, makes it an efficient fuel for metal cutting and welding processes. Furthermore, its role in the production of calcium cyanamide and PVC highlights its significance in the agricultural and plastic manufacturing industries, respectively.

In conclusion, the industrial uses of calcium carbide powder are diverse and far-reaching, encompassing applications in acetylene production, fertilizer manufacturing, plastic production, and chemical processes. Its unique properties and versatile nature make it an invaluable compound in a wide range of industrial processes, contributing to the advancement of various industries.

Advantages of Calcium Carbide Powder in various applications

Calcium carbide powder is a versatile substance that has numerous applications across various industries. Its unique properties make it an invaluable resource for a wide range of uses, from industrial processes to everyday consumer products. In this article, we will explore the advantages of calcium carbide powder in various applications, shedding light on the many ways in which this substance supports modern infrastructure and technological advancements.

One of the primary advantages of calcium carbide powder is its role in chemical synthesis. Calcium carbide is commonly used in the production of acetylene, a key component in the manufacturing of plastics, solvents, and other organic compounds. By reacting calcium carbide with water, acetylene gas is produced, providing a cost-effective and efficient method for generating this essential building block of the chemical industry. The use of calcium carbide powder in chemical synthesis not only enables the production of a wide range of valuable compounds but also supports the development of sustainable and environmentally responsible manufacturing processes.

In addition to its role in chemical synthesis, calcium carbide powder is also utilized in the steel industry. When added to molten iron, calcium carbide facilitates the desulfurization of the metal, reducing the sulfur content to enhance the quality and performance of the final steel product. This process, known as the calcium carbide method, is instrumental in the production of high-quality steel for use in construction, automotive manufacturing, and other critical applications. By leveraging the desulfurization capabilities of calcium carbide powder, steel producers can achieve superior material properties and meet stringent industry standards.

Furthermore, calcium carbide powder plays a crucial role in the field of agriculture. The use of calcium carbide for fruit ripening is a widely adopted practice, particularly in the ripening of bananas. When exposed to moisture, calcium carbide releases ethylene gas, which accelerates the ripening process and ensures that fruits reach optimal ripeness for consumption. This application of calcium carbide powder helps to support the global food supply chain by enabling the timely and efficient ripening of fruits, thereby reducing food waste and improving overall accessibility to fresh produce.

Another key advantage of calcium carbide powder is its utility in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a ubiquitous thermoplastic polymer used in construction, automotive components, and consumer products. In PVC manufacturing, calcium carbide serves as a precursor for vinyl chloride monomer, the essential building block of PVC resin. By providing a reliable and cost-effective source of vinyl chloride, calcium carbide powder contributes to the widespread availability of PVC materials, serving as a foundation for countless applications that enhance our daily lives.

In conclusion, calcium carbide powder offers a host of advantages in various applications, supporting critical industries and consumer needs alike. From chemical synthesis to steel production, agriculture, and PVC manufacturing, the versatile properties of calcium carbide powder enable the creation of essential products and materials. As we continue to innovate and expand our technological capabilities, the continued use of calcium carbide powder will undoubtedly remain integral to our pursuit of progress and sustainability across diverse sectors.

Safety Measures and Precautions when using Calcium Carbide Powder

Calcium carbide powder is a powerful and versatile chemical compound that has a wide range of uses and advantages. From its ability to produce acetylene gas for welding and cutting to its role in agricultural settings for ripening fruits, calcium carbide powder is an important substance in various industries. However, it is essential to recognize the potential hazards associated with this compound and implement proper safety measures and precautions when handling and using it.

First and foremost, it is crucial to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with calcium carbide powder. This includes protective clothing, gloves, a respirator, and safety goggles. These items serve as a barrier between the compound and the skin, eyes, and respiratory system, helping to minimize the risk of exposure and injury.

Additionally, the storage and handling of calcium carbide powder should be done with care and caution. The substance should be kept in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials such as water, acids, and certain metals. Proper labeling of containers and storage areas is also important to ensure that the compound is not mistaken for something else, leading to unintended use or exposure.

When using calcium carbide powder to generate acetylene gas, it is essential to follow specific protocols to prevent accidents and ensure safety. This may include using the appropriate equipment and machinery, such as acetylene generators and regulators, as well as adhering to proper operating procedures. It is also important to be mindful of potential ignition sources and to handle the gas in a well-ventilated area to prevent the accumulation of flammable or explosive concentrations.

In agricultural settings, calcium carbide powder is commonly used to ripen fruits, but it is important to use this compound in accordance with established guidelines and regulations. It should never come into direct contact with the fruits or be used in excessive amounts, as this can pose a risk to human health and safety. Proper application methods and dosages should be followed to ensure that the fruits ripen effectively without compromising their quality or safety.

In the event of a spill or accidental release of calcium carbide powder, it is important to respond quickly and effectively to minimize the impact. This may involve using absorbent materials to contain the spill, wearing PPE to handle the cleanup, and following established procedures for disposal. It is also important to report any incidents involving the compound to the appropriate authorities and seek medical attention if necessary.

In conclusion, while calcium carbide powder offers numerous benefits and utilities, it is essential to prioritize safety when working with this compound. By implementing proper safety measures and precautions, such as wearing PPE, following storage and handling guidelines, and adhering to specific protocols for generating acetylene gas or ripening fruits, the risks associated with calcium carbide powder can be effectively managed. By doing so, individuals can reap the advantages of this versatile compound while ensuring the well-being of themselves and others.

Environmental Impact of Calcium Carbide Powder Production and Use

Calcium carbide powder is a versatile chemical compound that has a wide range of uses and advantages. However, the production and use of calcium carbide powder also have significant environmental impacts that need to be carefully considered.

One of the primary uses of calcium carbide powder is for the production of acetylene gas, which is a key component in various industrial processes, such as welding and metal cutting. In addition, calcium carbide powder is also used in the production of several other chemicals, as well as in the manufacture of plastics and rubber products. Its wide range of applications makes calcium carbide powder an important chemical compound in many industries.

However, the production of calcium carbide powder can have a detrimental impact on the environment. One of the main concerns is the release of toxic gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, during the production process. These gases can contribute to air pollution and have negative effects on human health and the environment. In addition, the production of calcium carbide powder also generates large quantities of solid waste, which can contaminate soil and water if not disposed of properly.

Furthermore, the use of calcium carbide powder in industrial processes can also have environmental consequences. For example, the combustion of acetylene gas produced from calcium carbide powder releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. In addition, the by-products of the chemical reactions involving calcium carbide powder can also have harmful effects on the environment if not properly managed.

In response to these environmental concerns, efforts have been made to develop more sustainable production methods for calcium carbide powder. For example, some companies have implemented cleaner production technologies to minimize the release of toxic gases and reduce the generation of solid waste. In addition, there is ongoing research to find alternative uses for calcium carbide powder that can mitigate its environmental impact.

Despite the environmental challenges associated with the production and use of calcium carbide powder, it also offers several advantages that should not be overlooked. For example, the production of acetylene gas from calcium carbide powder provides a cost-effective and versatile source of fuel for various industrial applications. In addition, calcium carbide powder is also used to produce other valuable chemicals and materials that are essential for modern industrial processes.

In conclusion, the production and use of calcium carbide powder have both advantages and disadvantages that need to be carefully balanced. While it offers a wide range of important industrial applications, its environmental impact must be considered and mitigated. Efforts to develop more sustainable production methods and find alternative uses for calcium carbide powder are essential to minimize its environmental consequences. It is important for industry and policymakers to work together to ensure that the benefits of calcium carbide powder can be realized without compromising the health of the environment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is clear that calcium carbide powder has a wide range of uses and advantages across various industries, including steel manufacturing, fruit ripening, and chemical synthesis. Its ability to produce acetylene gas, aid in the ripening process, and serve as a precursor in the production of several chemicals makes it a valuable commodity in the market. With 17 years of experience in the industry, our company has become a trusted and reliable source for calcium carbide powder, providing high-quality products to meet the diverse needs of our customers. As the demand for calcium carbide powder continues to grow, we remain committed to delivering top-notch products and excellent service to our clients.

For more information, please visit Calcium Carbide Producer.