Every type of permanent magnet has a unique set of characteristics that can affect how is performs in various applications. When evaluating magnet options for your project, pay attention to the following:

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1. Temperature

One of the most important parameters to consider when choosing a permanent magnet is the temperature of use. As one might imagine, the magnetic field is not constant; it changes with temperature, getting either stronger or weaker. The figure below shows the usable temperature range for each of the five commercially available materials. Conveniently, most applications utilize magnets between -40°C and 150°C, and all listed materials are usable within that range.

Because of their low cost, ferrite (hard ferrite, ceramic) magnets are still widely used.  Note however, that ferrite magnets lose 25% of their flux output when heated from 20 to 150 °C.  They also have relatively low energy products, typically 10% of rare earth magnets. So where device size and weight are important, such as hard disk drives and portable electronics (e.g. cell phones, hearing aids), rare earth magnets are necessary.

2. Availability

Issues of raw material price and availability are at the core of today&#;s discussion on permanent magnets. These factors are influenced by the general availability of the raw materials, geographic distribution, ease of recovery from mined ore, and open market trading. Of all the elements used in magnetic materials, rare earth elements have been the most problematic based on geographic limitations on sourcing. China still produces 90 percent of the rare earth oxides used each year and more than 95 percent of the rare earth metals and alloys. China also produces and consumes 80 percent of all permanent magnets. There is inconsequential production of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) in the US. One alternative to neodymium magnets is samarium cobalt (SmCo), which has fewer sourcing limitations and performs better in higher temperature applications.

3. Magnetic Output

How strong a magnet is can be quantified by one of two key metrics. The first is residual induction, BR. If a permanent magnet is placed on a steel block, the force required to remove the magnet from the block is proportional to BR. BR is one of the magnet characteristics published by magnet producers.

The second key metric is maximum energy product, (BH)MAX. Maximum energy product is useful in calculating performance of motors. (BH)MAX is proportional to BR2. Each type of device benefits especially from either B (that is, BR) or B2 (that is,(BH)MAX or BR2) as described in this table of applications.

General Description Physical Laws System Function
Proportional to Application Examples Conversion of mechanical energy Faraday&#;s Law B Microphone
Alternators, Generators
Magneto
Torque Transmitters Magneto-static field
to mechanical work Coulomb&#;s Law B2 Compass
Reed Switches
Torque Coupling (synchronous)
Magnetic Separators
Holding (attachment) Systems
Magnetic Conveyors
Magnetic Bearings Interaction between current and magnetic flux Lorentz Force Law B Motors: DC, BLDC, Synchronous,
Stepping, Linear, Moving Coil
Loudspeakers, Headphones
HDD Voice coil motors
Geophones
Phonograph pickups
Electrical measuring instruments Magnetic Field
Focusing Systems Lorentz forces on free charges B Dipoles, Quadrupoles
Undulators, Wigglers
Magnetrons, TWTs
Mass Spectrometers
NMR devices

Read our in-depth article, Permanent Magnets in a Changing World Market.

What are the Benefits of Permanent Magnet Generators?

Introduction

The demands for different kinds of energy are rising rapidly. Humans are in need of electricity and other powers desperately. In order to create electricity for lighting, cooking, heating, and other uses, permanent magnet generators and other advanced equipment were developed. This article is going to talk about the structures, work mechanisms, and advantages of permanent magnet generators and compare them with induction generators. Hope that you can learn more about the benefits of permanent magnet generators.

What Are Permanent Magnet Generators?

Permanent magnet generators are devices that convert mechanical movements to electricity using their own magnetic fields. These devices are commonly used in wind turbines, steam turbines, gas turbines, and engines to create electrical power.

Figure 1. A Permanent Magnet Generator

The most significant feature of these generators is that they do not require extra current supply. Such apparatus employs the intrinsic magnetism generated by permanent magnets. You can choose neodymium permanent magnets or samarium-cobalt magnets. Ferrite magnets, aluminum-nickel-cobalt magnets, and other strong magnet materials also work. Stanford Magnets is a reliable supplier of permanent magnets of different types and shapes. Customization is also welcome. Send us an inquiry if you are interested.

How Do Permanent Magnet Generators Work?

The main components of permanent magnet generators are stators and rotors.

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• The rotor is made from permanent magnets, and it can generate magnetic fields. Magnetic parts are set around the stators as well, so fluxes could compass them.
• The stator is composed of rotating coils. Once receiving the magnetic power, the stator generates electricity consequently.
• In this way, the movement of the rotors is transformed into electric energy. The more stator coils we have, the more electric currents we get.

[1] Figure 2. The Structure of Permanent Magnet Generators

What Are Induction Generators?

Induction generators are alternating current (AC) electrical generators that utilize extra energy to generate electricity since they do not have a magnetic field. These generators are applied to a range of fields such as mini hydro power plants, wind turbines, and gas turbines.

How Do Induction Generators Function?

Induction generators operate by making their rotors faster than their stators.

• First, the stator of the induction machine is linked to a current supply and produces magnetic fields. The rotor is pulled and starts running.
• If the rotor runs at the synchronous speed, there would be no slip and no torque consequently. The rotor current would disappear under such conditions.
• If the rotor moves at a higher speed, there would be some negative slip, and the rotor cuts the magnetic field of the stator.
• Thus, a current is generated and the machine works.

4 Benefits of Permanent Magnet Generators

The situation of waning fossil fuel supply and the critical environment state is making it more and more necessary to find alternative energy sources. More and more people are choosing permanent magnetic generators to replace traditional generators in some domestic applications. If you are still unfamiliar with permanent magnetic generators and their benefits, this article should call your attention.

--Permanent Magnet Generators Benefit 1: Free Energy Source

Permanent magnet generators generate electricity with the inside magnets that can be used to power other electric devices, which means that you will no longer need to pay for the expensive electric bills. In addition, you can even sell your excessive electricity to local utilities and get payment from them.

--Permanent Magnet Generators Benefit 2: Reliable Energy Output

Compared to generators powered by other renewable and green energy, solar energy and wind power, for example, permanent magnetic generators work independently of factors inside or outside of your house. You will no longer need to worry about the weather.

--Permanent Magnet Generators Benefit 3: Low Installation Fee

A permanent magnet generator will not cost you a lot of money to install. You only need to buy everything necessary in a hardware store with little money and assemble one by yourself. With only hundreds of dollars, in one day, or less time, you can have your permanent magnet generators at home.

--Permanent Magnet Generators Benefit 4: Maintenance-Free

Another great thing about permanent magnet generators is that you do not need to spend a lot of time and money on maintenance work. Just install it and wait there expecting it to make money for you!

Conclusion

Compared with induction generators, permanent magnet generators could produce reliable electricity with a free energy source and lower maintenance fees. 

Thank you for reading our article we hope it can help you have a better understanding of the Benefits of Permanent Magnet Generators. If you want to know more about permanent magnets, we would like to recommend you visit Stanford Magnets for more information. Stanford Magnets is a leading magnet supplier around the world, that has been involved in R&D, manufacturing, and sales of magnets since the s. It provides customers with high-quality rare earth permanent magnetic products, and other non-rare earth permanent magnets at a very competitive price.

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