Gas Cylinder Safety Guide

Standard Measurements & Capacity

The most commonly used gas cylinders come in these measurements:

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• Height: 4-5 feet tall
• Weight: 75-80 pounds (empty), up to 270 pounds (filled)
• Pressure: 2,200 pounds per square inch (psi)

While this may not sound particularly heavy, serious injury can occur if these cumbersome objects are moved incorrectly or fall on an employee.

Types of Cylinders

Gas cylinders can be made from a variety of materials, but there are four general classes:

• Type 1 - Metal only, either seamless forged metal or seamless steel
• Type 2 - Metal vessel, hoop wrapped with a fiber composite
• Type 3 - Thin metal liner, wrapped with fiber
• Type 4 - Metal-free liner from plastic, wrapped with fiber

Types of Gases

Compressed gas cylinders can store flammable gases, like acetylene, and inert gases, like helium. Gas categories:

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• Liquefied gases: Gases that are a liquid-vapor balance or equilibrium inside the cylinder, but which can become liquids at normal temperatures inside cylinders under pressure. Examples are anyhydrous ammonia, chlorine, propane, and carbon dioxide.
• Non-liquefied gases: Pressurized or permanent gases do not become liquid when compressed at normal temperature, no matter the pressure. Examples are: oxygen, nitrogen, helium, and argon.
• Dissolved gases: Very unstable gases, like acetylene, which can explode at atmospheric pressure. These gases are packed with an inert, porous filler to prevent explosions.

Types of Gas Cylinder Hazards

There are two primary types of hazards associated with the use, storage and handling of compressed gas cylinders:

1. The chemical hazard associated with the cylinder contents (corrosive, toxic, flammable, etc)
2. The physical hazard represented by the presence of a heavy, high pressure vessel (explosion, fire, falling cylinder, etc)

Regulations & Guidelines

Regulations established by government agencies, trade associations and the local authority having jurisdiction are put into place to minimize the risks associated with gas cylinders.

A few of the most important organizations include:

• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
• CGA (Compressed Gas Association)
• NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
• ICC (International Code Council)

You can read excerpts from the guidelines of those organizations that pertain to gas cylinders here:
View cylinder safety guidelines

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