Titanium: Definition, Characteristics, Grades, ... - Xometry

What Are the Common Grades of Titanium?

There are several different grades and alloys of titanium. The list below describes some common grades of titanium in more detail:

1. Grade 11 

Grade 11, also known as CP Ti-0.15Pd, is commercially pure titanium, similar to Grade 1 and Grade 2. Grade 11 provides enhanced crevice corrosion resistance due to added palladium. It also has high ductility, impact toughness, and weldability. Grade 11 is commonly used in chemical processing and storage, ducts, pumps, and heat exchangers.

2. Grade 12 or Ti 0.3-Mo 0.8-Ni

Grade 12 titanium, also known as Ti 0.3 Mo 0.8 Ni, is a durable, corrosion-resistant, and thermally stable titanium alloy that is valued for its weldability and formability. Grade 12 titanium alloy contains up to 99% titanium, 0.6-0.9% nickel, 0.2-0.4% molybdenum, up to 0.3% iron, up to 0.25% oxygen, and other elements. Because of its durability and resistance to corrosion, Grade 12 is commonly used in marine components such as ships or offshore drilling platforms, chemical manufacturing, and in heat exchangers.

3. Grade 4 

Grade 4 titanium is the strongest commercially pure titanium. Grade 4 titanium’s strength rivals that of stainless and low-carbon steel, which makes the material a lighter-weight alternative. Because of its strength and corrosion resistance, Grade 4 is commonly used in aerospace, chemical processing, and marine components such as airframe structures and heat exchangers.

4. Grade 5 or Ti 6Al-4V 

Grade 5 is the most commonly used titanium alloy. It accounts for around half of all the titanium used in the world. It has exceptionally high strength, heat resistance, ability to be heat treated, formability, and corrosion resistance. Grade 5 is also known as Ti 6Al-4V due to the percentage of aluminum and vanadium in the alloy. Grade 5 titanium contains 88-90% titanium, 5.5-6.75% aluminum, 3.5-4.5% vanadium, and trace amounts of other elements including iron, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. Because of its properties, Grade 5 titanium is highly sought after in the aerospace industry to fabricate engines and structural components. Additionally, Ti 6Al-4V is often used in automotive parts like springs and exhausts and medical applications like joint implants..

5. Grade 7 

Grade 7 is a titanium alloy that is nearly identical to Grade 2 titanium. The only difference between Grade 7 and Grade 2 is the addition of palladium in Grade 7 alloys. The composition of Grade 7 titanium is 99% titanium, 0.12-0.25% palladium, 0.3% iron, 0.25% oxygen, and other elements. Grade 7 has the highest corrosion resistance of all titanium alloys and exhibits excellent weldability and forming properties. Because of its excellent corrosion-resistant properties, Grade 7 titanium is often used in chemical manufacturing and desalination applications.

6. Grade 1 

Grade 1 is the softest and most ductile pure titanium grade. Therefore, Grade 1 titanium possesses the best formability out of the different types of titanium. Grade 1 titanium is composed of 99% titanium, 0.2% iron, 0.18% oxygen, and trace amounts of other elements such as nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. It is often used in plating, piping, tubing, and other applications where formability and weldability are critical, such as in the aerospace, automotive, and power generation industries.

7. Grade 3 

Grade 3 is the least commonly used pure titanium grade. Grade 3 is stronger than Grade 1 and Grade 2 titanium, but also has slightly less ductility and formability. Grade 3 is commonly used in cryogenic vessels, condenser tubing, heat exchangers, and other chemical processing equipment.

8. Grade 6 or Ti 5Al-2.5Sn 

Grade 6 titanium is a titanium alloy containing approximately 5% aluminum, 2.5% tin, and 0.5% iron. The addition of aluminum and tin improves titanium’s creep resistance and temperature stability. Grade 6 is preferred for higher service temperatures around 900 °F where it is often used for casings and rings in turbine engines, structural members and frames in aircraft, and chemical processing parts.

9. Grade 2 

Grade 2 is another commercially pure titanium and is the most commonly used commercially pure grade. Like other commercially pure titanium grades, it contains 99% titanium but differs from other pure grades in that it contains 0.3% iron, 0.25% oxygen, and trace amounts of other elements. The larger oxygen percentage allows Grade 2 titanium to be stronger than Grade 1. Additionally, its ductility and weldability make Grade 2 a highly versatile alloy. Grade 2 titanium is often more affordable than other grades of titanium because it is produced in large volumes for widespread uses. Grade 2 titanium is often used in power generation and petroleum industries as a lining material due to its corrosion resistance.

10. Grade 23 or Ti 6AL-4V ELI

Grade 23 titanium, also known as Ti 6Al-4V ELI due to its chemical composition, has high tensile and yield strength, toughness, ductility, and weldability. It has a composition of 88-90% titanium, 5.5-6.5% aluminum, 3.5-4.5% vanadium, 0.25% iron, 0.13% oxygen, and other elements. Grade 23 is considered a more pure version of Grade 5 titanium and is often the best choice for dental and medical applications. Therefore, Grade 23 titanium is often used in bone and joint replacements, surgical staples, ligature clips, tooth implants, and more.

Which Grade of Titanium Is Best?

Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) titanium is the most versatile grade of titanium due to its wide range of desirable properties. It has high strength and ductility and is also corrosion-resistant, thermally stable, and highly formable. Its properties enable Grade 5 titanium to be ideal across a broad scope of industries and applications: from automotive and aerospace parts to sporting goods and consumer products.

What Grade of Titanium Is Used for 3D Printing? 

Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) titanium is the one used for 3D printing. Grade 5 is best for 3D printing because of its high strength, excellent formability, and thermal stability. Powder bed fusion 3D printing methods like selective laser melting, electron beam melting, and direct metal laser sintering are used to 3D print titanium. These processes consist of selectively melting titanium powder that has been precisely laid onto a print bed. A powerful laser or electron beam melts the titanium powder and fuses it with the preceding layers of printed material to build completed parts.

What Is the Price of Titanium?

Commercially pure titanium costs roughly $18-$20 per kg while titanium alloys cost approximately $70-80 per kg.  

What Is the Cheapest Titanium Grade? 

Grade 2 titanium is the cheapest grade of titanium since it is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. Its wide use leads to high production volumes that reduce its price.

What Grade of Titanium Is Used for Anodizing?

Titanium  grades 2 and 3 are both suitable for anodizing. Anodizing is an electrochemical process that creates a protective oxide layer on the material’s surface.

What Are the Properties of Titanium?

The properties of titanium are listed below:

1. Electrical Resistivity: Titanium’s electrical resistivity ranges from 51 μΩ/cm (Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo) to 198 μΩ/cm (Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V).
2. Thermal Conductivity: Titanium’s thermal conductivity ranges from 6 W/m*k (Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo) to 22.7 W/m*k (Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo).

What Are the Physical Properties of Titanium? 

Some of the physical properties of titanium are listed below:

1. Density: Titanium’s density is 4.506 g/cm3.
2. Strength: The strength of titanium depends on the grade of titanium and the concentration of its alloying elements. The strength of titanium ranges from 240 MPa (commercially pure Grade 1) to 1241 MPa (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy).
3. Color: Titanium has a lustrous, silvery-white color.
4. Ductility: Titanium ductility ranges from 6% elongation (Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo) to 25% (Commercially Pure Grade 1).
5. Durability: Titanium is highly durable and has a long expected life due to its high tensile yield strength, hardness, and excellent fatigue resistance.

What Are the Chemical Properties of Titanium?

Some of the chemical properties of titanium are listed below:

1. Oxidation Potential: Titanium has an oxidation potential due to its electron configuration and its classification as a transition metal. Because of its high oxidation potential, titanium is not found in its pure form in nature and is instead found as oxides in rocks and minerals.
2. Ability to Form Alloys: Titanium can easily form alloys with other metals and elements due to its atomic size and its classification as a transition metal. Many different titanium alloys exist.
3. Reactivity: Titanium is reactive to acids, and halogens at high temperatures and entirely non-reactive to bases.
4. Corrosion Resistance: Titanium is naturally corrosion-resistant due to its tendency to react with oxygen and nitrogen. The formation of oxides on the surface of titanium protects the underlying material from corrosive agents.

What Are the Applications of Titanium?

The properties of titanium make its use common across a wide range of industries and applications. Some applications of titanium are listed below:

1. Jewelry

Titanium is commonly used in jewelry to make piercings, wristwatches, necklaces, rings, and other items due to its durability, light weight, and corrosion resistance. Additionally, titanium is sometimes mixed with gold to make 24-karat gold alloys which are harder and more durable than pure gold alternatives. Because of its biocompatibility, Titanium is popular among people who have allergies to other metals often found in jewelry, such as nickel.

2. Medical 

Titanium is a highly critical metal in the medical industry due to its high strength, fatigue resistance, and biocompatibility. Titanium is often used in surgical and dental tools, implants, and joint replacements. Osseointegration, the ability of a bone and artificial implant to form a structural and functional connection, is possible with titanium. Titanium’s biocompatibility and non-toxicity enable better patient outcomes and durable and strong implants and prosthetics that can last up to 30 years.

3. Industrial 

Titanium is commonly used in a broad range of industrial environments due to its high strength and fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight, and durability. Uses of titanium in industrial settings include heat exchangers, tanks, reactors, valves, pipes, connecting rods, pumps, and more.

4. Aerospace

Titanium is a great choice for the manufacture of aerospace parts and vehicles and accounts for nearly 50% of the total weight of an aircraft. It is often used to manufacture critical parts such as landing gear, firewalls, and hydraulic systems. Titanium is valued in the aerospace industry because of its low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance.

5. Architectural 

Titanium is ideal for architectural products due to its light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and durability. While steel is still preferred to titanium when it comes to building frames, titanium is often used for glass frames, facades, roofs, interior wall surfaces, and ceilings due to its corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio.

6. Composites 

Titanium-based composites are recently developed materials that utilize titanium’s strength and weight characteristics to produce titanium fiber-reinforced or particulate (powder) reinforced composites. Titanium composites exhibit higher stiffness, wear resistance, and strength than conventional alloys. While titanium composites have only been developed since the start of the 21st century, they are beginning to be implemented in aerospace and automotive applications.

7. Automotive Industry 

Titanium is often used in the automotive industry to make engine parts, crankshafts, valve seats, connecting rods, exhaust systems, suspension systems, and automotive frames. Titanium is highly coveted in the automotive industry due to its low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. Not only do these characteristics of titanium enable improved aerodynamics and performance, but its low density and high strength also lead to a more cost-effective manufacturing process since less material is used to satisfy particular applications.

8. Chemical Processing 

Titanium is often used in the chemical processing industry due to its corrosion resistance and chemical inertness. While the reactivity of titanium significantly increases at higher temperatures (>700 °F), titanium is generally unreactive and stable at lower temperatures. Titanium is often used in pipes, flanges, tubing, tanks, pumps, and heat exchangers.

What Are the Benefits of Titanium?

Some of the benefits of titanium are listed below:

1. High Strength: Titanium has excellent strength and is one of the strongest metals on the periodic table. It has an exceedingly high strength-to-weight ratio, even more so than aluminum. Its strength and its low weight make titanium a popular option in many industries and applications.
2. Corrosion Resistance: Titanium is naturally resistant to corrosion due to its readiness to react with oxygen. Titanium oxide forms on the surface of the part when it is exposed to air. This titanium oxide layer protects the rest of the material from corrosive substances and environments. Its corrosion resistance makes titanium ideal for use in construction and marine applications.
3. Biocompatible: Titanium is nontoxic and biocompatible with both humans and animals. Hence, titanium is often used in the medical and dental industry, where it is used for implants and surgical and dental instruments.
4. High Melting Point: Titanium has a melting point of around 3,034 °F. This makes titanium ideal for high-temperature applications such as jet engines, rockets, power plants, and foundries.
5. Versatile Fabrication Methods: Though titanium is an exceptionally strong metal, it is soft and ductile. This enables titanium parts to be fabricated from a wide range of manufacturing processes including machining, forming, rolling, casting, and welding.

What Are the Limitations of Titanium?

Some of the limitations of titanium are listed below.

1. Reactive at High Temperatures: Titanium is generally unreactive and inert due to its protective oxide layer. However, titanium is reactive at high temperatures (>700 °F). This makes the fabrication of pure and alloyed titanium tedious and highly controlled. Titanium production must be performed in a carefully controlled oxygen-free environment. 
2. Expensive: Refining raw rocks and minerals to obtain pure titanium is expensive and complex. This is due to titanium’s reactivity at high temperatures and the breadth of processes within the Kroll process needed to isolate titanium.
3. Difficult to Machine: Titanium can be difficult to machine due to its low thermal conductivity. The heat generated during machining builds up in the tool rather than the workpiece. This can lead to reduced tool life and machining quality.
4. LowUnstable Creep Resistance: Titanium has low creep resistance at high temperatures above 570 °F. Creep is the slow deformation of a material when subjected to constantly applied loads and is more prevalent in high-temperature environments.

Is Titanium Rust Proof? 

Yes, titanium is rust-proof. Rust is iron oxide. It is created when iron interacts with the air. Titanium contains no iron, and therefore, does not rust. Unless titanium is exposed to acids at high temperatures, titanium does not corrode because a tightly adherent titanium oxide layer is formed on the surface of titanium when it reacts with the air. The layer of titanium oxide protects the underlying titanium from corrosion due to acids, alkalis, saltwater, and other substances.

Is Titanium Magnetic?

Yes, titanium is considered a paramagnetic metal. This means titanium is attracted to externally applied magnetic fields, but not to the same degree as ferromagnetic materials like iron, steel, and nickel.

Is Titanium a Metal?

Yes, titanium is metal. Like other metals, it has a lustrous appearance, is a good electrical and thermal conductor, and is ductile. For more information, see our guide on Metalloids.

Is Titanium Bulletproof?

Yes, titanium is bulletproof when it comes to handguns and guns used for hunting. However, titanium is not bulletproof when it comes to high-powered, armor-piercing, military-grade weapons.

What Is the Difference Between Titanium and Aluminum?

Titanium and aluminum are two metals on the periodic table that are commonly alloyed and used in a broad range of industries. The primary differences in various properties and costs between the two metals are shown in Table 1 below:

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[Material: Titanium]
[Density: 4.506g/cc]
[Melting Range: 1668c]
[Hardness HV (Vickers): 145]
[Annealing Temp: 750c]

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1. Grade 11 

Grade 11, also known as CP Ti-0.15Pd, is commercially pure titanium, similar to Grade 1 and Grade 2. Grade 11 provides enhanced crevice corrosion resistance due to added palladium. It also has high ductility, impact toughness, and weldability. Grade 11 is commonly used in chemical processing and storage, ducts, pumps, and heat exchangers.

2. Grade 12 or Ti 0.3-Mo 0.8-Ni

Grade 12 titanium, also known as Ti 0.3 Mo 0.8 Ni, is a durable, corrosion-resistant, and thermally stable titanium alloy that is valued for its weldability and formability. Grade 12 titanium alloy contains up to 99% titanium, 0.6-0.9% nickel, 0.2-0.4% molybdenum, up to 0.3% iron, up to 0.25% oxygen, and other elements. Because of its durability and resistance to corrosion, Grade 12 is commonly used in marine components such as ships or offshore drilling platforms, chemical manufacturing, and in heat exchangers.

3. Grade 4 

Grade 4 titanium is the strongest commercially pure titanium. Grade 4 titanium’s strength rivals that of stainless and low-carbon steel, which makes the material a lighter-weight alternative. Because of its strength and corrosion resistance, Grade 4 is commonly used in aerospace, chemical processing, and marine components such as airframe structures and heat exchangers.

4. Grade 5 or Ti 6Al-4V 

Grade 5 is the most commonly used titanium alloy. It accounts for around half of all the titanium used in the world. It has exceptionally high strength, heat resistance, ability to be heat treated, formability, and corrosion resistance. Grade 5 is also known as Ti 6Al-4V due to the percentage of aluminum and vanadium in the alloy. Grade 5 titanium contains 88-90% titanium, 5.5-6.75% aluminum, 3.5-4.5% vanadium, and trace amounts of other elements including iron, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. Because of its properties, Grade 5 titanium is highly sought after in the aerospace industry to fabricate engines and structural components. Additionally, Ti 6Al-4V is often used in automotive parts like springs and exhausts and medical applications like joint implants..

5. Grade 7 

Grade 7 is a titanium alloy that is nearly identical to Grade 2 titanium. The only difference between Grade 7 and Grade 2 is the addition of palladium in Grade 7 alloys. The composition of Grade 7 titanium is 99% titanium, 0.12-0.25% palladium, 0.3% iron, 0.25% oxygen, and other elements. Grade 7 has the highest corrosion resistance of all titanium alloys and exhibits excellent weldability and forming properties. Because of its excellent corrosion-resistant properties, Grade 7 titanium is often used in chemical manufacturing and desalination applications.

6. Grade 1 

Grade 1 is the softest and most ductile pure titanium grade. Therefore, Grade 1 titanium possesses the best formability out of the different types of titanium. Grade 1 titanium is composed of 99% titanium, 0.2% iron, 0.18% oxygen, and trace amounts of other elements such as nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. It is often used in plating, piping, tubing, and other applications where formability and weldability are critical, such as in the aerospace, automotive, and power generation industries.

7. Grade 3 

Grade 3 is the least commonly used pure titanium grade. Grade 3 is stronger than Grade 1 and Grade 2 titanium, but also has slightly less ductility and formability. Grade 3 is commonly used in cryogenic vessels, condenser tubing, heat exchangers, and other chemical processing equipment.

8. Grade 6 or Ti 5Al-2.5Sn 

Grade 6 titanium is a titanium alloy containing approximately 5% aluminum, 2.5% tin, and 0.5% iron. The addition of aluminum and tin improves titanium’s creep resistance and temperature stability. Grade 6 is preferred for higher service temperatures around 900 °F where it is often used for casings and rings in turbine engines, structural members and frames in aircraft, and chemical processing parts.

9. Grade 2 

Grade 2 is another commercially pure titanium and is the most commonly used commercially pure grade. Like other commercially pure titanium grades, it contains 99% titanium but differs from other pure grades in that it contains 0.3% iron, 0.25% oxygen, and trace amounts of other elements. The larger oxygen percentage allows Grade 2 titanium to be stronger than Grade 1. Additionally, its ductility and weldability make Grade 2 a highly versatile alloy. Grade 2 titanium is often more affordable than other grades of titanium because it is produced in large volumes for widespread uses. Grade 2 titanium is often used in power generation and petroleum industries as a lining material due to its corrosion resistance.

10. Grade 23 or Ti 6AL-4V ELI

Grade 23 titanium, also known as Ti 6Al-4V ELI due to its chemical composition, has high tensile and yield strength, toughness, ductility, and weldability. It has a composition of 88-90% titanium, 5.5-6.5% aluminum, 3.5-4.5% vanadium, 0.25% iron, 0.13% oxygen, and other elements. Grade 23 is considered a more pure version of Grade 5 titanium and is often the best choice for dental and medical applications. Therefore, Grade 23 titanium is often used in bone and joint replacements, surgical staples, ligature clips, tooth implants, and more.

Which Grade of Titanium Is Best?

Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) titanium is the most versatile grade of titanium due to its wide range of desirable properties. It has high strength and ductility and is also corrosion-resistant, thermally stable, and highly formable. Its properties enable Grade 5 titanium to be ideal across a broad scope of industries and applications: from automotive and aerospace parts to sporting goods and consumer products.

What Grade of Titanium Is Used for 3D Printing? 

Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) titanium is the one used for 3D printing. Grade 5 is best for 3D printing because of its high strength, excellent formability, and thermal stability. Powder bed fusion 3D printing methods like selective laser melting, electron beam melting, and direct metal laser sintering are used to 3D print titanium. These processes consist of selectively melting titanium powder that has been precisely laid onto a print bed. A powerful laser or electron beam melts the titanium powder and fuses it with the preceding layers of printed material to build completed parts.

What Is the Price of Titanium?

Commercially pure titanium costs roughly $18-$20 per kg while titanium alloys cost approximately $70-80 per kg.  

What Is the Cheapest Titanium Grade? 

Grade 2 titanium is the cheapest grade of titanium since it is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. Its wide use leads to high production volumes that reduce its price.

What Grade of Titanium Is Used for Anodizing?

Titanium  grades 2 and 3 are both suitable for anodizing. Anodizing is an electrochemical process that creates a protective oxide layer on the material’s surface.

What Are the Properties of Titanium?

The properties of titanium are listed below:

1. Electrical Resistivity: Titanium’s electrical resistivity ranges from 51 μΩ/cm (Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo) to 198 μΩ/cm (Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V).
2. Thermal Conductivity: Titanium’s thermal conductivity ranges from 6 W/m*k (Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo) to 22.7 W/m*k (Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo).

What Are the Physical Properties of Titanium? 

Some of the physical properties of titanium are listed below:

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1. Density: Titanium’s density is 4.506 g/cm3.
2. Strength: The strength of titanium depends on the grade of titanium and the concentration of its alloying elements. The strength of titanium ranges from 240 MPa (commercially pure Grade 1) to 1241 MPa (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy).
3. Color: Titanium has a lustrous, silvery-white color.
4. Ductility: Titanium ductility ranges from 6% elongation (Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo) to 25% (Commercially Pure Grade 1).
5. Durability: Titanium is highly durable and has a long expected life due to its high tensile yield strength, hardness, and excellent fatigue resistance.

What Are the Chemical Properties of Titanium?

Some of the chemical properties of titanium are listed below:

1. Oxidation Potential: Titanium has an oxidation potential due to its electron configuration and its classification as a transition metal. Because of its high oxidation potential, titanium is not found in its pure form in nature and is instead found as oxides in rocks and minerals.
2. Ability to Form Alloys: Titanium can easily form alloys with other metals and elements due to its atomic size and its classification as a transition metal. Many different titanium alloys exist.
3. Reactivity: Titanium is reactive to acids, and halogens at high temperatures and entirely non-reactive to bases.
4. Corrosion Resistance: Titanium is naturally corrosion-resistant due to its tendency to react with oxygen and nitrogen. The formation of oxides on the surface of titanium protects the underlying material from corrosive agents.

What Are the Applications of Titanium?

The properties of titanium make its use common across a wide range of industries and applications. Some applications of titanium are listed below:

1. Jewelry

Titanium is commonly used in jewelry to make piercings, wristwatches, necklaces, rings, and other items due to its durability, light weight, and corrosion resistance. Additionally, titanium is sometimes mixed with gold to make 24-karat gold alloys which are harder and more durable than pure gold alternatives. Because of its biocompatibility, Titanium is popular among people who have allergies to other metals often found in jewelry, such as nickel.

2. Medical 

Titanium is a highly critical metal in the medical industry due to its high strength, fatigue resistance, and biocompatibility. Titanium is often used in surgical and dental tools, implants, and joint replacements. Osseointegration, the ability of a bone and artificial implant to form a structural and functional connection, is possible with titanium. Titanium’s biocompatibility and non-toxicity enable better patient outcomes and durable and strong implants and prosthetics that can last up to 30 years.

3. Industrial 

Titanium is commonly used in a broad range of industrial environments due to its high strength and fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight, and durability. Uses of titanium in industrial settings include heat exchangers, tanks, reactors, valves, pipes, connecting rods, pumps, and more.

4. Aerospace

Titanium is a great choice for the manufacture of aerospace parts and vehicles and accounts for nearly 50% of the total weight of an aircraft. It is often used to manufacture critical parts such as landing gear, firewalls, and hydraulic systems. Titanium is valued in the aerospace industry because of its low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance.

5. Architectural 

Titanium is ideal for architectural products due to its light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and durability. While steel is still preferred to titanium when it comes to building frames, titanium is often used for glass frames, facades, roofs, interior wall surfaces, and ceilings due to its corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio.

6. Composites 

Titanium-based composites are recently developed materials that utilize titanium’s strength and weight characteristics to produce titanium fiber-reinforced or particulate (powder) reinforced composites. Titanium composites exhibit higher stiffness, wear resistance, and strength than conventional alloys. While titanium composites have only been developed since the start of the 21st century, they are beginning to be implemented in aerospace and automotive applications.

7. Automotive Industry 

Titanium is often used in the automotive industry to make engine parts, crankshafts, valve seats, connecting rods, exhaust systems, suspension systems, and automotive frames. Titanium is highly coveted in the automotive industry due to its low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. Not only do these characteristics of titanium enable improved aerodynamics and performance, but its low density and high strength also lead to a more cost-effective manufacturing process since less material is used to satisfy particular applications.

8. Chemical Processing 

Titanium is often used in the chemical processing industry due to its corrosion resistance and chemical inertness. While the reactivity of titanium significantly increases at higher temperatures (>700 °F), titanium is generally unreactive and stable at lower temperatures. Titanium is often used in pipes, flanges, tubing, tanks, pumps, and heat exchangers.

What Are the Benefits of Titanium?

Some of the benefits of titanium are listed below:

1. High Strength: Titanium has excellent strength and is one of the strongest metals on the periodic table. It has an exceedingly high strength-to-weight ratio, even more so than aluminum. Its strength and its low weight make titanium a popular option in many industries and applications.
2. Corrosion Resistance: Titanium is naturally resistant to corrosion due to its readiness to react with oxygen. Titanium oxide forms on the surface of the part when it is exposed to air. This titanium oxide layer protects the rest of the material from corrosive substances and environments. Its corrosion resistance makes titanium ideal for use in construction and marine applications.
3. Biocompatible: Titanium is nontoxic and biocompatible with both humans and animals. Hence, titanium is often used in the medical and dental industry, where it is used for implants and surgical and dental instruments.
4. High Melting Point: Titanium has a melting point of around 3,034 °F. This makes titanium ideal for high-temperature applications such as jet engines, rockets, power plants, and foundries.
5. Versatile Fabrication Methods: Though titanium is an exceptionally strong metal, it is soft and ductile. This enables titanium parts to be fabricated from a wide range of manufacturing processes including machining, forming, rolling, casting, and welding.

What Are the Limitations of Titanium?

Some of the limitations of titanium are listed below.

1. Reactive at High Temperatures: Titanium is generally unreactive and inert due to its protective oxide layer. However, titanium is reactive at high temperatures (>700 °F). This makes the fabrication of pure and alloyed titanium tedious and highly controlled. Titanium production must be performed in a carefully controlled oxygen-free environment. 
2. Expensive: Refining raw rocks and minerals to obtain pure titanium is expensive and complex. This is due to titanium’s reactivity at high temperatures and the breadth of processes within the Kroll process needed to isolate titanium.
3. Difficult to Machine: Titanium can be difficult to machine due to its low thermal conductivity. The heat generated during machining builds up in the tool rather than the workpiece. This can lead to reduced tool life and machining quality.
4. LowUnstable Creep Resistance: Titanium has low creep resistance at high temperatures above 570 °F. Creep is the slow deformation of a material when subjected to constantly applied loads and is more prevalent in high-temperature environments.

Is Titanium Rust Proof? 

Yes, titanium is rust-proof. Rust is iron oxide. It is created when iron interacts with the air. Titanium contains no iron, and therefore, does not rust. Unless titanium is exposed to acids at high temperatures, titanium does not corrode because a tightly adherent titanium oxide layer is formed on the surface of titanium when it reacts with the air. The layer of titanium oxide protects the underlying titanium from corrosion due to acids, alkalis, saltwater, and other substances.

Is Titanium Magnetic?

Yes, titanium is considered a paramagnetic metal. This means titanium is attracted to externally applied magnetic fields, but not to the same degree as ferromagnetic materials like iron, steel, and nickel.

Is Titanium a Metal?

Yes, titanium is metal. Like other metals, it has a lustrous appearance, is a good electrical and thermal conductor, and is ductile. For more information, see our guide on Metalloids.

Is Titanium Bulletproof?

Yes, titanium is bulletproof when it comes to handguns and guns used for hunting. However, titanium is not bulletproof when it comes to high-powered, armor-piercing, military-grade weapons.

What Is the Difference Between Titanium and Aluminum?

Titanium and aluminum are two metals on the periodic table that are commonly alloyed and used in a broad range of industries. The primary differences in various properties and costs between the two metals are shown in Table 1 below:

Wholesale Jewellery making supplies - Designed for professional and beginner jewellers, jewellery repair & restoration.

With our solid titanium sheets you can also create beautiful custom jewellery. This titanium sheet is highly popular among our customers for its hypoallergenic properties - this sheet is used to make jewellery for those who have highly sensitive skin where typical gold and silver jewellery causes a reaction. Sheet is one of the staples in a jewellers arsenal that is ideal as a base for any jewellery making project.

These sheets are commonly used as the under base for a bezel setting or used to glue designs on and cut out with a jewellers saw. As you are working with a solid material, the density is uniform, it is easily cut, shaped and worked to create designs, features or accents of the highest quality. Our sheets are polished after they've been shaped to ensure a bright lustre. Available in various lengths and thicknesses to suit the needs of any project with a quality to take your jewellery to the next level. For a custom size just send as a message with your specifications and we'll get back to you asap!

Ore Metals make sure that each batch of sheet is inspected before it leaves our facility so that we can be sure it meets our stringent quality standards. You'll get your goods packaged safe and securely to ensure the highest quality is passed onto your craft.

✷ SPECIFICATIONS ✷
[Material: Titanium]
[Density: 4.506g/cc]
[Melting Range: 1668c]
[Hardness HV (Vickers): 145]
[Annealing Temp: 750c]

- Multiple quantities will be cut as a continuous length

✷ SHEET METAL ✷
Sheet can be shaped into anything your skills and tools allow. Sheet is also commonly used to as material to be stamped as its thickness is perfectly consistent. The benefit of using sheets allows it to be used to cut intricate shapes; simply glue a print of your intricate design to the sheet and use a jewellers saw to follow the print as a guide. This sheet is half hard meaning it has a medium grade ductility. The sheet has a modern and sleek look that is famous amongst jewellery enthusiasts. This sheet is ideal for creating high-quality, durable designs. The high tolerance of our half hard sheet makes it perfect for all types of workmanship.

✷ OBTAINED FROM AUSTRALIAN MINES ✷
We specialize in wholesale jewellery making supplies, based in Sydney, Australia. This product is 100% sourced from Australian mines. This product is solid titanium. It takes on a bright colour. Its kind is ideal for industrial and jewellery manufacturing use. Your order will be dispatched in 1-3 business days from Australia.

✷ GUARANTEED QUALITY ✷
This metal has been tested by an internationally accredited laboratory specializing in precious metals to guarantee authenticity and quality. Assay dates are recorded on each individual item dispatched from Ore Metals.

✷ HOW DOES IT WORK ✷
Select the quantity to Add a listing to the basket, choose the payment method, proceed to checkout, and continue as a guest if you don't have an Etsy account. We accept payment through ETSY payments where all major credit or debit cards are accepted. Custom invoices generated can be paid via direct deposit, PayPal, or our Direct invoice portal.

✷ SHIPPING TIME ✷
Orders are usually ready to dispatch between 1 - 3 business days. If there is low / no on-shelf stock some will be manufactured which can take between 1 - 5 Business Days. Once your order ships you will be notified with a tracking number.

Please note: the "ship by" date on your invoice is NOT equivalent to the "delivery" date.

- SHIP BY DATE: When your package leaves our studio.

- DELIVERY DATE: When your package arrives you.

✷ REFUND POLICY ✷
We gladly accept cancellations. However, we don’t accept exchanges and returns. Feel free to contact us if you have any questions, and we will reply ASAP.

✷ COLOR DISCLAIMER ✷
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✷ CHECK OUT OUR RELATED PRODUCTS ✷

- Titanium Round Wire: https://www.etsy.com/au/listing/1373159102/

✷ ABOUT US ✷
We're here to help build your jewellery empire and provide the highest quality in precious metals jewellery making supplies. We cater to every level from DIY enthusiasts to established jewellers and wholesale jewellery manufacturers. For any assistance or guidance with our products or services just send us a message and one of our team members will get back to you shortly.

https://www.etsy.com/shop/OreMetals

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Are you interested in learning more about titanium sheet for sale? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!