What are the benefits of solar LED street light?

Raised light sources which are powered by solar panels

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Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by solar panels generally mounted on the lighting structure or integrated into the pole itself. The solar panels charge a rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED lamp during the night.

Features

Most solar lights turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor light using solar panel voltage. Solar streetlights are designed to work throughout the night. Many can stay lit for more than one night if the sun is not in the sky for an extended period of time. Older models included lamps that were not fluorescent or LED. Solar lights installed in windy regions are generally equipped with flat panels to better cope with the winds.

Modern designs use wireless technology and fuzzy control theory for battery management. The street lights using this technology can operate as a network with each light having the capability of performing the turning on and off of the network.[1]

Components

Solar street lights consist of four main parts:

Solar panel

The solar panel is one of the most important parts of a solar street light, as the solar panel can convert solar energy into electricity that the lamps can use. There are two types of solar panels commonly used in solar street lights: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. The conversion rate of mono-crystalline solar panels is much higher than their poly-crystalline counterparts. Solar panels also vary in wattage systems.

Lighting fixture

LEDs are usually used as the primary lighting source of modern solar street lights, as the LED will provide much higher luminosity with lower energy consumption. The energy consumption of an LED fixture is at least 50% lower than the HPS fixture counterpart which is widely used as the lighting source in traditional street lights. A lack of warm-up time in LEDs also allows for use of motion detectors for additional efficiency gains.

Rechargeable battery

Batteries will store the electricity generated by the solar panel during the day and provide energy to the fixture during the night. The life cycle of the battery is very important to the lifetime of the light and the capacity of the battery will affect the backup days of the lights. There are two types of batteries commonly used in solar-powered street lights- gel cell deep cycle batteries as well as lead acid batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are also popular due to their compact size.

Pole

Strong poles are necessary to all street lights, especially to solar street lights as there are often components mounted on the top of the pole: fixtures, panels and sometimes batteries. However, in some newer designs, the PV panels and all electronics are integrated in the pole itself. Wind resistance is also a factor.

In addition, accessories do exist for these types of poles, such as a foundation cage and battery box.

Type

Each street light can have its own photo voltaic panel, independent of other street lights. Alternately, a number of panels can be installed as a central power source on a separate location and supply power to a number of street lights.[2]

All-in-one type solar street lights are gaining popularity due to their compact design which incorporates all of the parts necessary in a compact manner including the battery.

The city of Las Vegas, Nevada was the first city in the world that tested new EnGoPlanet Solar Street lights which are coupled with kinetic tiles that produce electricity when people walk over them.

Advantages

• Solar street lights are independent of the utility grid. Hence, the operation costs are minimized.
• Solar street lights require much less maintenance compared to conventional street lights.
• Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents are minimized.

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• Electricity produced from solar panels is non-pollutive.
• Separate parts of a solar panel system can easily be transported.

Disadvantages

• Initial investment is higher compared to conventional street lights.
• Risk of theft is higher as equipment costs are comparatively higher.

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• Snow or dust, combined with moisture can accumulate on horizontal PV-panels and reduce or even stop energy production.
• Rechargeable batteries will need to be replaced several times over the lifetime of the fixtures adding to the total lifetime cost of the light.

The charge and discharge cycles of the battery are also very important considering the overall cost of the project.

See also

References

Solar street lights have gained significant popularity in recent years as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional street lighting. These lights rely on photovoltaic cells to convert the energy from the sun into electricity, which is then used to power the lights during the night.

Advantages of Solar Street Lights

1. Cost-Effective: One of the primary advantages of solar street lights is that they are cost-effective in the long run. Although the initial investment for purchasing and installing the lights may be higher, they do not require any additional costs such as wiring, trenching, and utility bills. Additionally, the lights are maintenance-free, which further reduces the overall cost.
2. Environmentally Friendly: Solar street lights are a clean and renewable energy source, making them environmentally friendly. They do not emit any harmful pollutants, which is beneficial for the environment and human health.
3. Reliable: Solar street lights are reliable and do not require any external power source. This means that even in areas where there is no access to electricity, these lights can still be installed and used.
4. Easy to Install: Solar street lights are easy to install and do not require any complicated wiring or trenching. This makes them ideal for areas that are difficult to access and for emergency lighting situations.
5. Customisable: Solar street lights can be customised to meet specific requirements and can be designed to fit any location. The lights are available in a variety of sizes, shapes, and styles, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
   

Disadvantages of Solar Street Lights

1. Weather Dependent: Solar street lights rely on the sun to power the lights, which means that they may not work effectively in areas with limited sunlight. This can be a disadvantage in areas that experience long periods of overcast or rainy weather.
2. Initial Investment: The initial investment for purchasing and installing solar street lights can be high, which may not be feasible for some communities or businesses.
3. Limited Brightness: Solar street lights may not provide as much brightness as traditional street lights, such as one lighting system in 200 watts or 500 watts. But solar street lights are ideal for ordinary town or country roads.
4. Battery Life: The battery life of solar street lights is limited, and the lights may need to be replaced after 10 years. This can be a disadvantage, especially in areas where the lights are used frequently.
5. Maintenance: Although solar street lights are generally maintenance-free, they may still require some upkeep and cleaning to ensure they are working effectively.

In conclusion, solar street lights offer a number of advantages, including cost-effectiveness, reliability, and ease of installation. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as being weather dependent, having limited brightness, and requiring some maintenance. Despite these drawbacks, solar street lights continue to be a popular choice for many communities and businesses, as they provide a clean, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to traditional street lighting.

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