What is the Advantage and Disadvantage of food extruder machines

Advantages and Applications of Animal Feed Extrusion Technology

Feed expansion technology has become one of the most popular new feed processing techniques in the past two decades. Primarily used in the production of pet food, aquatic feed, and other animal feed, this technology offers numerous benefits. These include improving digestion and absorption rates in animals, preventing digestive tract diseases, and expanding feed resources.

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As a result, more customers are adopting feed expansion technology, setting up animal extrude feed production plants, and exploring the profitable feed pellet manufacturing business. This article will provide a brief overview of feed expansion technology and the required equipment. If you have any questions about the costs and details of extruding equipment, please feel free to contact us!

Animal Feed Production Processing: Extrusion Technology

Extruding (expansion) technology stands as a widely-used method in modern feed processing. Feed created through this technology benefits from starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, reduced anti-nutritional factors, and improved palatability. However, it does come with some disadvantages, such as producing indigestible substances, destroying vitamins, and increasing costs.

Extruding (expansion) technology is a widely used technology in modern feed processing. Feed processed by extrusion technology has many advantages, such as starch gelatinization and degradation, protein denaturation, reducing anti-nutritional factors, increasing palatability, etc. But there are also some disadvantages.

Animal Feed Extrusion Technology and Equipment

In the extrusion process, material containing a certain moisture level is fed into the feed extruder. Driven by the screw rod and screw, the material moves forward to form an axial direction.

• Firstly, as the material moves inside the extruder, friction is created between the material and the screw, and between the material and the barrel. This strong extrusion, stirring, and shearing refines and homogenizes the material, increasing pressure and temperature in the machine chamber.
• Secondly, the high temperature, pressure, and shear force induce complex physical and chemical changes in the material composition.
• Finally, the paste material is ejected from the die hole, leading to an instantaneous pressure difference. This causes the material to expand, forming a loose, porous, and crisp extruded product.

What Are the Advantages of Feed Extrusion Technology?

Feed raw materials processed through extrusion possess a unique fragrance, fluffy texture, high gelatinization, and good palatability, which are highly attractive to animals. Moreover, the long-chain structures of protein and fat are broken down into short-chain structures, making digestion and absorption easier for animals.

In this article, six advantages of extruding technology are mentioned. Purchase factory-priced animal extruding feed equipment from a manufacturer or supplier of extruded feed production machinery. You can learn the precise feed pellet manufacturing process, and receive free guidance on setting up extruded feed pellet projects in countries like Uganda, Fiji, Zambia, Uzbekistan, and Nigeria, considering factors such as investment costs and production capacity.

1. Gelatinization and Degradation of Starch

After extrusion, starch undergoes two notable changes. One is gelatinization, which breaks the dense crystal structure of starch molecules, allowing them to absorb water, break hydrogen bonds, and form a viscous melt. At the extruder outlet, the sudden pressure drop and steam loss lead to the disintegration and gelatinization of starch granules, creating a porous extruded feed. The other change is starch degradation, which reduces the average molecular weight of starch. Oligosaccharides like maltodextrin are produced during this degradation process.

2. Protein Denaturation

In the high temperature, high-pressure environment of the feed extruder, the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins are destroyed. This leads to the stretching and recombination of protein molecules and the breaking of intermolecular bonds, resulting in protein denaturation. This process also inactivates many anti-nutritional factors present in various feed materials.

3. Fat Degeneration

Extrusion disrupts the cell walls of oil seeds, releasing oil and improving its utilization. The process also forms compound products of fat with starch or protein, reducing free fatty acid content and inhibiting oil degradation. This is beneficial for the long-term preservation of feed.

4. Increase Feed Palatability and Digestibility

The extruded feed has small granularity, crispness, and a roasted aroma, enhancing its palatability. Its loose, disordered structure provides a larger contact area for digestive enzymes, improving feed digestibility and absorption.

5. Improvement of Fiber Solubility

Extrusion significantly reduces crude fiber content in feed. The high temperature and pressure cause lignin and cellular wall materials to melt and break down, making digestible substances more available and improving feed utilization.

6. Beneficial for Feed Storage and Shelf Life

High temperature and pressure during extrusion kill mold, bacteria, and fungi in the raw material, improving feed hygiene and reducing animal digestive diseases.

Disadvantages of Extrusion Technology

During the extrusion process, Maillard reactions between reducing sugar and free amino acids can reduce the content of these nutrients, weakening amino acid availability. High temperatures and pressure also lead to vitamin loss, especially water-soluble vitamins, with a loss rate of up to 50%. Thus, additional vitamins should be added to compensate for these losses.

Application of Extrusion Technology in Animal Feed Production

Pig Raising

Suckling pigs are prone to nutritional diarrhea when transitioning from breast-feeding to standard feed. Ungelatinized feed can cause stress reactions and diarrhea in piglets. Expanded feed significantly reduces the incidence of diarrhea, cutting down feeding costs, shortening fattening time, and boosting economic benefits.

Poultry Raising

Extruded feed, which is granular, is easier for chickens and ducks to consume. It speeds up digestion and absorption, reduces diseases like diarrhea, and improves feed utilization.

Feeding of Ruminants

With the fiber degradation in feed, soluble fibers increase, improving digestive utilization rates in ruminants. Expanded feed also enhances the utilization of non-protein nitrogen and increases rumen protein content, lowering feeding costs. It further improves milk fat rates in dairy cows and fattening effects in beef cattle.

Animal Feed Extruding Machine Running Video

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